Transport helicopter
The term transport helicopter is mainly used in the military sector and usually refers to military helicopters that are suitable for the transport of loads (material or troops ). Since helicopters are used almost exclusively for passenger transport in the civil sector, only additional transport tasks in special cases (e.g. rescue or heavy-duty helicopters) are named as a distinguishing feature.
The Mil Mi-12 holds world records with regard to the loads it carries: 40 t external load was lifted to a height of around 2,000 m and 30 t to a height of around 3,000 m.
Classification in the military area
The NATO defines a transport helicopter as:
"A utility helicopter used primarily for the carriage of troops and / or equipment."
"A multi-purpose helicopter that is primarily used to transport troops and / or equipment."
In addition, there is no binding definition for classification as a transport helicopter. In the Standardization Agreement (STANAG 2999), NATO has defined the three weight classes light (6-8 tons ), medium (8-11 t) and heavy (> 11 t) for transport helicopters, depending on the maximum take-off weight (MTOW) .
- Light transport helicopters or combat zone transporters ( English light transport helicopter , LTH / Air assault helicopter ) are often equipped with light armaments for self-defense and can deploy a limited contingent of troops in the combat zone. Examples are the Bell UH-1 and the EC 155 .
- Medium transport helicopter ( medium transport helicopter , MTH) can be used in military units about Zuggröße transport or light vehicles (inside or external load ). Examples are the Chinook , the Sikorsky S-65 CH-53, the Mil Mi-4 (used by the NVA , among others ) and the NH90 .
- Heavy transport helicopters ( heavy transport helicopter , HTH, heavy lift helicopter ), up to 80 soldiers or light armored vehicles (eg. As airborne tanks ) transport. Example: Mil Mi-6 , Mil Mi-26
This classification is fuzzy; z. For example, the Sikorsky CH-53 (two turbines; 7.3 t external load) is used as a medium helicopter in the Bundeswehr ; in the version CH-53E (three turbines; 16 t external load) it is classified as a heavy transport helicopter by the United States Army .
See also
- Air loadability / air loadability
- Air landing operation - takes place by parachute
literature
- Frank Schwede: Transport helicopters since 1945 . Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03741-0 .
- Robert Busse: Bell UH-1D HUEY . Motorbuch, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 3-613-03172-8 .
- Adele Richardson: Transport Helicopters . In: The transportation library . Capstone Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7368-0608-4 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- G. S. Hislop: Some design problems of the large helicopters . In: The New Scientist . tape 3 , no. 54 , November 28, 1957, pp. 15–18 (English, Webrepro in the Google Book Search - Early work on aerodynamics and stall problems).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cihangir Akşit: NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions. ( PDF ; 4.4 MB) APP-6. (No longer available online.) In: Allied Administrative Publication . NATO , April 29, 2014, formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 17, 2015 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Arvid Grønheim: Use of Helicopters in land operation - STANAG 2999 . NATO , Brussels 2000, p. 240 (ATP-49 (C) Volume 2, AC 225 (Panel X)).
- ↑ EC 155 at the Federal Police ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Flugwelt international. Volume 19 Krausskopf-Flugwelt-Verl., 1967, p. 196.
- ↑ Ullrich Rühmland: NVA. National People's Army of the GDR in brief. Bonner Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Bonn 1977, p. 89.
