Trebitz (Bad Schmiedeberg)
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Trebitz
City of Bad Schmiedeberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ N , 12 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 73 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 23.75 km² |
| Residents : | 1249 (Dec. 31, 2007) |
| Population density : | 53 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 2009 |
| Postal code : | 06905 |
| Area code : | 034927 |
 Church in Bösewig
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Trebitz is a district of the town of Bad Schmiedeberg in the district of Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt .
geography
Geographical location
The place is located about 17 kilometers southeast of Lutherstadt Wittenberg and about 7 kilometers from Pretzsch (Elbe) on the northern edge of the Düben Heath on the left bank of the Elbe .
Districts
The municipality, which was independent until 2009, consisted of the districts Trebitz, Bösewig, Kleinzerbst and Österitz. The flood variant of the Elberadweg leads through Kleinzerbst and Bösewig .
history
The first mention of a castle in Trebitz / Elbe as the center of an administrative district is documented for the years 965/1004, although the document from 965 is considered a forgery. Trebitz belonged to a chain of 19 Burgwarden on the middle Elbe, with the help of which under Emperor Otto I (912–973) the East Elbe colonization was to be secured. Until 1290 the castle and office of Trebitz belonged to the County of Brehna . After the dynasty of the counts there died out, Trebitz came to Electoral Saxony . In 1290 Rudolf I of Saxony was enfeoffed with the county of Brehna by King Rudolf I of Habsburg , his grandfather. This created a coherent domain. Wittenberg, now centrally located, developed into the capital of the Duchy of Saxony, which now extends from Fläming to Liebenwerda.
In 1356 Rudolf I of Saxony received hereditary electoral dignity and was raised to imperial arch marshal. Trebitz Castle now became an electoral palace and Trebitz became a town. Two old coats of arms on the mighty church tower testify to this epoch, which was so glamorous for Trebitz. One coat of arms shows the crossed swords of the imperial arch marshal and the other is the coat of arms of Saxony. With the thousand-year-old castle complex, which at that time had a similarly powerful tower, and the old church, Trebitz now has two remarkable architectural monuments. The square footprints of the church tower and the former castle tower, the three-story foundation walls of which are still in the palace today, each have an edge length of a good 8 m. Lying in the Elbe on the edge of the gently rising Dübener Heide, Trebitz offered an impressive view of the town that was visible from afar.
Lorenz Friedrich Beck reports in his book that Barbara, the widow of Rudolf III., The penultimate Ascanian elector, was given the castle and city of Trebitz as well as Jessen and all the associated villages as personal items. A total of three Ascanian elector widows are said to have lived at the time of the takeover of the electorate by the Meissnian Wettins in 1423, so that Frederick I, the controversial, was delighted at obtaining the electoral dignity through the supply expenses for the three old ones with lavish personal belongings Princesses was a little clouded at first. A loan from the new elector to his vassals was blocked for several years. When the elector's widow Barbara, who lived in Trebitz Castle, died in 1435, Trebitz lost its former importance and in 1486 also lost office. With the castle converted into a manor, vassals of the new elector were enfeoffed. In Trebitz from 1485 this was Günther Löser, a son of the Saxon Hereditary Marshal Heinrich Löser.
During the Thirty Years War , Elector Johann Georg I was torn between the Catholic Emperor Ferdinand II and the Protestant Gustav Adolf of Sweden. After Gustav Adolf's death in the Battle of Lützen in 1632, George I broke with the Swedes, for which they took revenge after they had regained strength and wreaked havoc in Saxony from 1635 to 1637. The places on larger connecting roads, such as Trebitz, suffered particularly badly from the armies that passed through. The Thirty Years' War brought Trebitz down completely, the castle, church and almost all farms burned down and several surrounding districts were devastated . Of the original 16 Hüfner and 31 Kossät, only 4 residents were left in 1651, the rest either perished or on the run. The farms were not back in operation until 1672, and some new families had been settled. Trebitz gradually recovered under the efficient and sustainable manor owners Georg Wilhelm von Milckau and Gotthelf Friedrich von Schönberg (from 1679).
After the death of Augustus the Strong, Count Brühl continued as Prime Minister and the most powerful man in Saxony's great power politics and worked on alliances against Frederick the Great, provoking the Seven Years' War , which ended in defeat. The need was so great that in Trebitz in 1764, instead of around 30 to 40 people per year, 100 died. The next disaster came with Napoleon. After the peace treaty in Posen, the elector, who had been elevated to king by Napoleon, joined the Confederation of the Rhine as Friedrich August I. In the spring of 1813, Saxony tried to break away from Napoleon by initiating new alliances, but the French came up again and arrested the king for these activities. They were now even more of an occupier and forced Saxony back into the alliance. The common defeat in Torgau was preceded by a terrible fortress end time, which had an impact as far as Trebitz. The atrocities are described in the exciting book Yellowed Papers by Elisabeth Frenzel based on the correspondence between the Torgau Senator Niese and his friend, the Trebitz pastor Spitzner, in a detailed and impressive way. After the peace treaty in 1815, three fifths of the Saxon territory, the former Ernestine states including Torgau and Trebitz, were separated and Prussia was added as the province of Saxony.
In Trebitz there lived 482 residents in 130 houses in 1818, including Schnellin, Kleinzerbst and Merkwitz with a total of 279 souls and the Österitz church branch with 68 people, so that the Trebitz parish with a total of 829 souls was considered very strong at the time.
After Napoleon's victory in 1806, the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ceased to exist and as a result the German feudal law lost its importance. With that the foundations of the old social structure were canceled and upheavals were preprogrammed. In the village chronicle it is said that after the uprising in 1848 in Trebitz some considerable and sensitive upheavals took place. It reports on the furious persecution of the teacher Karrar, the dismissal of the second teacher Ernst Krause (who is said to have caused several democratic riots here), the malicious destruction of the organ. Everything would be set out in relevant documents. Until 1848 the manor Trebitz had its own jurisdiction with the Vorwerk Schnellin, which the police managed with. Now the administration of justice came to the state, but the administration of the police remained with the landlords, who now had to pay the same from their pocket, since they missed the instructions of the judiciary. So Trebitz and Kleinzerbst were assigned to the district court commission of Pretzsch, Schnellin and Merkwitz of the district court commission of Kemberg, Österitz (like Scholiß) those of Schmiedeberg. A suitable man was appointed for the police administration in Trebitz and Schnellin (and Scholiß). The remaining villages were assigned directly to the Wittenberg District Office. Pastor Koch (1819 to 1858) wrote: “The manor owner Chamberlain von Schröter had accumulated such a large amount of debt that he thought he could not help himself other than by selling the property individually. Then in 1852 the best horses, cows, sheep, pigs and farm implements, in the same the best meadows and fields (with standing fruit) were sold individually to the highest bidder by the "butcher" Rensch and legal adviser Löser. Purchased December 1854 from Mr. Brandt von Lindau auf Schmerwitz for 75,000 thalers. This event was very unpleasant for many residents of Trebitz and Schnellin, because
- The monthly bread donation to 12 poor people in both villages was canceled because the previous owner had not registered it for entry in the mortgage book,
- many day laborers lost their previous secure income because the weakened manor no longer needed as many of them as before; as well
- some craftsmen, namely blacksmiths, wheelwrighters, saddlers
- some of the land buyers got deep into debt because they had to borrow a) a lot of money to buy the land, b) to build new barns and stables. "
The founding years fall in the second half of the 19th century, which also had a very positive effect in Trebitz. The manor became a model estate, and a number of businesses were established (brewery, dairy, sawmill, concrete plant). Trebitz was connected to the railway network in 1889 and the many bricklayers and workers living in Trebitz could now easily reach the industrial plants, lignite mines and large construction sites that were being built in the surrounding area. A consumer cooperative was established in 1898, and a workers' cycling association in 1900. Crafts and trade continued to grow until World War I , but the war ended in disaster.
Trebitz had 72 dead in the First World War. How big and unprecedented the catastrophe of World War II was can be seen on the one hand in the number of around 100 killed in the war and on the other hand in the number of around 1,500 expellees who came to Trebitz. It can be assumed that in addition to all the agony suffered while fleeing, these families also had many men killed and abducted. The names of those killed in war were only compiled after the end of the GDR period because they were not mentioned during the GDR era.
Trebitz Castle, which has had many changing owners over the centuries, has always played an important role in the history of the place. In 1930 the clinic of Dr. Moses, who was expropriated in 1940 in order to be able to set up an Eastern workers' hospital during the Second World War. In 2013, the Trebitz Home and History Association published the names of the approximately 200 victims who died here. After the war, Trebitz Castle was immediately used as a retirement and nursing home, especially for helpless elderly displaced persons. As of 2002 the castle is a private residence.
In 1948 there were still 62 farms in Trebitz and around 50 craft and trading companies and other institutions were listed. According to the village chronicle, the land reform in Trebitz hadn't changed anything as there were no large farms. But from 1958 and especially after the Wall was built from 1961, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany accelerated the “building of socialism”. All rural and almost all artisanal businesses were collectivized and disappeared for 30 years. The Trebitz Agricultural Production Cooperative was assigned a party secretary from the district town of Wittenberg, who was supposed to ensure that everything went its socialist course. However, the villagers knew how to make the best of the situation and how to achieve relative prosperity even during the GDR era.
On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipalities Bösewig, Kleinzerbst and Österitz were incorporated.
20 years after the fall of the SED dictatorship, Trebitz shows itself to be a well-kept village with a sense of community. In a brochure of the administrative community it is stated that the carnival has been a highlight for many years and is known far beyond the district boundary. A traditional farm festival, club and family celebrations are intended to promote the community, and a private village museum is also mentioned. The following clubs are named: Carnival club, sports community “SG 1919”, Trebitzer Angelfreunde, motorsport club, women's choir, shooting club 1881, folk solidarity group, local community Bösewig, local history club Kleinzerbst, volunteer fire brigade, Trebitz youth club. The following facilities in Trebitz are considered to be well equipped: Primary school (in GDR times a central school or 10-level middle school), day-care center, playgrounds in all districts, outdoor swimming pool, discotheque, gym, sports field with hermitage, doctor's practice, dentist's practice, physiotherapy, hairdresser, Cosmetics, Edeka freshness market, country butchery, bakery, Volksbank. What is missing today, however, is a public restaurant. In 2001 the Protestant pastor's office in Trebitz was also deleted. It should be noted critically that almost all traces of local history that are not expressly listed, but nevertheless historically interesting, such as For example, former craft businesses and all businesses from the early days of the company have fallen victim to a destructive conversion or scrapping and are in danger of being forgotten. The Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Trebitz / Elbe e. V. has many documents on local history and is constantly working to complete the local history.
Trebitz has been part of Bad Schmiedeberg since July 1, 2009.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The federal highway 182 runs through the municipality . Traffic on the Pratau – Torgau railway line with the Trebitz (Elbe) stop was discontinued in 2014.
Sports
The local MC Trebitz operates a motocross track. Since 1919 Trebitz has had a sports club with various types of sport (football, gymnastics, volleyball, table tennis, children's gymnastics club). There has been an active carnival club since 1953.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Franz Spitzner (1787–1841), Graecist and rector of the grammar school in Wittenberg
People who worked in Trebitz
- Johann Ernst Spitzner (1731–1805), pastor in Trebitz from 1762 to 1805 and well-known beekeeper
- Ernst Traugott Spitzner (1771-1818), 1797-1805 substitute and 1805-1818 pastor in Trebitz
literature
- M. Prasse: In an idyllic place with a thousand years of history . mz-web.de
- Lorenz Friedrich Beck : rule and territory of the dukes of Saxony-Wittenberg (1212-1422) . 1st edition. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 2000, p. 154.
- Elisabeth Frenzel : Yellowed Papers - The two hundred year history of a bourgeois family . Droste Verlag, 1990. In the archive of the Heimat- u. History Association Trebitz e. V. (HGVT).
- Günther Medicus: Trebitz / Elbe - once a city in the Electorate of Saxony . Editor Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Trebitz / Elbe e. V., 2013, about 250 pages.
