Drift

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The course of the drifts across the city on a not exactly north-facing city ​​map from 1750. Right at the top outside the walls is the Sültekloster.

The driving force was a stream in Hildesheim , which until the end of the 19th century was the city's main waterway. It was canalized in the 1860s and then ran underground for its entire length.

course

The drive originated near the Almstore from the confluence of the Ortsschlumps with the Fischgraben coming from the Sültequelle along the Wallstraße and ran from there in a south-westerly direction along the Arnekenstraße to the Kurzen Hagen. Since the city ditches were built in the 15th century, the Ortsschlump came out of the city moat a little further west at the Hagentor into the city, and only now met the Sältebach at Kurzen Hagen. In the area of ​​today's Kardinal-Bertram-Straße, the drive divided into two arms, of which the smaller, perhaps artificially created side arm flowed along Eckemekerstraße and after a sharp bend in front of Andreasplatz on Bohlweg met again with the main stream. We continued over the Hückedahl, past the cathedral district and then over the grounds of the Bernward Hospital , where it flowed into the Mühlengrabenarm der Innste .

origin of the name

The name Treibe , historically Driebe or Drive , means "creek that drives (mills)." Most sources dating back to the early 19th century, however, attribute the name to the driving away of rubbish from the city. In addition, the name Hagenbeke was also used in earlier times for the drive , as the brook ( beke ) , coming from the Hagentor, ran along the Lange Hagens, the enclosure ( Hag ) of the Michaelis district, the northern part , since the moats were built in the 15th century today's Kardinal-Bertram-Straße. The two arms of the drive were also called large and small drives or Hagenbeke, sometimes also the main stream drive and the smaller side arm Hagenbeke.

history

Until the city was expanded around the year 1000, the drifts and their swampy lowland formed a natural fortification to the south and east for the city to the west of Domburg, Alten Markt and Michaeliskloster . During the renovation of the cathedral from 2010 to 2014, during excavations on the defensive walls of the cathedral castle, a canal attached to the wall and clad with planks from the mid-12th century was discovered for the drifts.

The stream served mainly to drain the swampy urban area in the drifting lowlands and to carry away the city's rain and dirty water. The discharge of faeces of human or animal origin, on the other hand, had already been made punishable by a decree of the council from 1446, this ban was also upheld in 1867 after the drifts had been channeled. Instead, faeces were collected in septic tanks and later brought to the fields, where they were "important to the population who are often involved in horticulture".

For the cleaning of the drifts of thrown animal carcasses by the urban skinner , a "Drievengeld" was levied from the residents from around 1440; this cleaning took place regularly about every seven years from 1570 until the beginning of the 19th century. Nevertheless, in 1673 the monks of the Charterhouse complained that after every thunderstorm, dead cats, dogs and even pigs were washed onto their property just before the drift estuary. The estuary was therefore moved a little northwards from the garden of the Charterhouse in 1695 to the area of ​​Palandtstrasse, where today a small bridge crosses the Mühlengraben. To clean the driving channel in the 19th century, there were “practical damming devices” that allowed “energetic flushing”.

Legend on Eckemekerstraße , which was first mentioned in a document in 1418

1420 wash benches were built on the banks of the drift to prevent the wells from being soiled by washing clothes. The water from the drive was also used for tanning , as evidenced by the name of Eckemekerstraße ( erchmeker is Low German for white tanner ), through which the branch of the drive flowed. In addition, from 1590 to 1866, at the southern end of the Hückedahl, there was the Klickmühle, a watermill for grain that was driven by the water of the driving force.

In 1862, as part of the planning for the first construction phases of the Hildesheim sewer system , the council decided to straighten the drifts in addition to the city ditches. For this purpose, the stream, which had previously mainly run on private land behind the houses, was relocated a little to the west into an underground canal under the streets until 1867 and now flows directly at the end of Treibestrasse. After the destruction of the Second World War, at the latest, the drift was completely absorbed in Hildesheim's sewer system, some preserved sections of the canal still serve today as receiving waters to absorb the rainwater that runs off.

literature

  • Adolf Flöckher: The tributaries of the Innerste and the Borne, ponds and ditches within the city of Hildesheim and their changes over the centuries. In: Alt-Hildesheim, Vol. 34, 1963, pp. 8-24.
  • Johannes Heinrich Gebauer : History of the city of Hildesheim. 2 volumes. Lax, Hildesheim and Leipzig 1922–1924 (Unchanged reprint: Lax, Hildesheim 1994–1997).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Meier-Hilbert: Geographical structures. The natural potential. In: Lower Saxony State Center for Political Education (Hrsg.): Hildesheim. City and space between the Börde and the mountains. Hildesheim 2001, p. 15.
  2. ↑ Adolf Flöckher: The tributaries of the Innerste, 1963, pp. 12-14 and Fig. 1 (map), p. 10.
  3. ↑ Entry Drift. In: Albrecht Greule: Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymology of the names of waters and the associated area, settlement and field names. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and Boston 2014; a mill - the click mill - is only documented in the late 16th century.
  4. ^ [Ignaz] ​​Zeppenfeldt: Historical news from the fortifications of the city of Hildesheim [1810]. In: Contributions to Hildesheim history. Volume 1. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1829, p. 300, footnote 15.
  5. ↑ Adolf Flöckher: The tributaries of the innermost, 1963, p. 13
  6. ↑ Gebauer, Vol. I, p. 16
  7. ↑ cf. Helmut Brandorff: The fortifications of the Domburg. In: Hildesheim in the Middle Ages. The roots of the rose. Book accompanying the exhibition in the Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum Hildesheim , March 29 - October 4, 2015. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 2015, pp. 42–45 ( excerpt from the museum, PDF).
  8. ↑ a b Document book of the city of Hildesheim, 4, No. 639 and Police Ordinance of 1867; quoted from Wilfried Kretschmer: The protection of the innermost began 70 years ago. A look back into the history of Hildesheim's water supply. In: Wasserkunst und Wasserwerk. Hildesheim water supply through the ages. Booklet accompanying the exhibition of the same name in the City History Collection of the Roemer and Pelizaeus Museum in the bone carving office . Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1992, ISBN 3-7848-6254-3 , pp. 81-83.
  9. ^ A b Julius Wilbrand: Hildesheim's cholera and typhus conditions. Hildesheim 1868, p. 14.
  10. ↑ Gebauer, Vol. I, p. 230
  11. ↑ Gebauer, Vol. II, p. 184
  12. ↑ Gebauer, Vol. II, p. 486
  13. ^ City of Hildesheim: Click mill. Inschriften.net , accessed on August 31, 2016.
  14. ↑ Gebauer, Vol. II, p. 419
  15. ↑ Julius Wilbrand: Hildesheim's cholera and typhus conditions and the disinfection of the city during the cholera epidemic of 1867. Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1868, p. 13.
  16. ^ Engineer Kümmel: Lecture on the new sewer systems in Hildesheim. In: Journal of the Architects and Engineers Association of Hanover, Vol. 14, 1886, pp. 142–44.
  17. ↑ Adolf Flöckher: The tributaries of the Innerste, 1963, p. 14