Trepitia

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Trepitia is the name of a previously unlocated Roman settlement that was located in Alpen - Drüpt in the Wesel district for a long time . Furthermore, there are - also unproven - indications that the former Roman Gelduba (near the Krefeld district of Gellep-Stratum ) could have carried the name Trepitia in its late phase .

location

The alleged vicus was assumed about half a kilometer northeast of the Drüpt district near the former Drüptstein manor, which was demolished in 1953.

Speculation about Drüpt

The place Trepitia is only mentioned by the geographer of Ravenna (around 700). The reason for the speculation about Drüpt was that the place name could possibly be etymologically traced back to the Latin Trepitia.

As the most recent investigations showed, the site was not a vicus , but various military camps. Probably the most recent of them perished or was abandoned when the Rhine border fell in the early 5th century .

A settlement from the 1st century found in 2015 during excavations in the new development area Alpen-Ost revives the discussion about the localization of Trepitia.

Roman finds from the area around Drüpt were already known in the 18th century. In 1854, Franz Fiedler believed that he was able to identify the site for the first time as the historically transmitted Trepitia. The Prussian Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt (1786–1845) described Roman finds from the area around Drüpt, which came to light when the Rhine breached in 1823 and when today's Bundesstraße 57 was built. According to Schmidt, a Roman brick kiln that still contained several thousand bricks was cut when the road was being built. The bricks are said to have been stamped LEG XXX. Accordingly, the Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix would have maintained a legion brick distillery in Drüpt / Trepitia.

Early medieval finds from the vicinity that became known in the 1950s indicate a resettlement of the area around the presumed Trepitias from the 6th century.

A connection with the trepitia mentioned in the cosmography of the geographer of Ravenna was rejected by the archaeologists after the most recent investigations (2013 to 2015) in Alpen-Drüpt, among other things because trepitia was recorded between Asciburgium and Novaesium and there were no concrete sources to locate Trepitia.

Speculation about Gelduba

Gelduba was a Roman garrison site on the Lower Germanic Limes, the fort phase of which is documented for the period from 71 AD to the 5th century. With the late Roman period initiated under Diocletian , the name Gelduba no longer appears in documents from around 294/295. Instead there is a reference to a place Trepitia in the itinerary of the so-called geographer of Ravenna (around 700) . A spelling Tracia (reinterpreted in Tertia) Trepitia sive Gildoba - Trepitia formerly Gelduba - is mentioned from a list of saints from the 7th century . Possibly - but unproven - the reference to a (temporary) name change after an occupation of the "third legion", similar to what happened in Xanten from Colonia Ulpia Traiana in Tricensimae .

Monument protection

The areas of the sites in Drüpt and Gelduba are protected ground monuments according to the Monument Protection Act . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and possible accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

literature

  • Martin Friedenthal: To Trepitia - Drüpt. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 59, 1959, pp. 188–191.
  • Harald von Petrikovits : The Roman Rhineland. Archaeological research since 1945. Westdeutscher Verlag, Cologne 1960, p. 65.
  • Ingo Runde: Xanten in the early and high Middle Ages. Tradition of legends - monastery history - becoming a town . Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-412-15402-4 , p. 142, note 331 (afterwards Trepitia is identified with the late Roman Gelduba ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Feinendegen / Vogt (ed.): Krefeld - the history of the city , Volume 1. Chr. Reichmann - Chapter III: Roman times . Verlag van Ackeren, Krefeld 1998, ISBN 3-9804181-6-2 , pp. 132-175
  2. ^ Geographer of Ravenna 4:24.
  3. ↑ On this Martin Friedenthal: Zu Trepitia - Drüpt. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 59, 1959, pp. 189f.
  4. ↑ Steve Bödecker, Baoquan Song and Sebastian Held: A new auxiliary fort on the Lower Germanic Limes. Alpen-Drüpt . In: Grietje Suhr and Michaela Helmbrecht (Red.): The Limes. News bulletin of the German Limes Commission . Volume 11 (2017), Issue 2, ISSN  1864-9246 , p. 10, ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Peter Motsch: A newly discovered Roman vicus in Alps. In: Archäologie im Rheinland 2016. Bonn 2017, pp. 143–145.
  6. ↑ Martin Friedenthal: To Trepitia - Drüpt. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 59, 1959, p. 188, note 2.
  7. ^ Franz Fiedler: Durnomagus or Dormagen and its monuments from Roman times. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 21, 1854. S. 39f.
  8. ^ Ernst Schmidt (ed.): Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt: Research on the Roman roads etc. in the Rhineland. In: Bonner Jahrbücher 31, 1861, p. 98.
  9. ^ Frank Siegmund : Merovingian time on the Lower Rhine. The early medieval finds from the Düsseldorf administrative district and the Heinsberg district . (= Rhenish excavations 34). Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1998, p. 285 with plate 62.
  10. ↑ Steve Bödecker, Baoquan Song and Sebastian Held: A new auxiliary fort on the Lower Germanic Limes. Alpen-Drüpt . In: Grietje Suhr and Michaela Helmbrecht (Red.): The Limes. News bulletin of the German Limes Commission . Volume 11 (2017), Issue 2, ISSN  1864-9246 , p. 10, ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Geographer of Ravenna 4:24.
  12. ↑ Feinendegen / Vogt (ed.): Krefeld - the history of the city , Volume 1. Chr. Reichmann - Chapter III: Roman times . Verlag van Ackeren, Krefeld 1998, ISBN 3-9804181-6-2 , pp. 132-175; see Ingo Runde: Xanten in the early and high Middle Ages. Tradition of legends - monastery history - becoming a town . Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-412-15402-4 , p. 142, note 331.
  13. ↑ Law on the protection and maintenance of monuments in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (Monument Protection Act - DSchG).