Dark water strider
| Dark water strider | ||||||||
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Dark water strider ( Tringa erythropus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||
| Tringa erythropus | ||||||||
| ( Pallas , 1764) |
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The dark water strider ( Tringa erythropus ) is a bird of the order of the plover-like (Charadriiformes) and is also called dark water strider . It is a breeding bird of the Arctic and the northern boreal coniferous forest zone. In Central Europe it is a regular migrant both on the coast and inland during migration . During the height of the procession, 5,000 to 10,000 individuals can be seen in the Netherlands. Dark water striders also overwinter in small numbers in Belgium, the Dutch Rhine delta and in northwest Germany.
features
The dark water strider becomes 29–33 cm long, has a wingspan of 47–53 cm and weighs 135–250 g. In summer the male wears a sooty black colored gown with long, dark red legs. In winter plumage, the animal is more inconspicuously gray-brown in color with white spots and looks very similar to the redshank . The dark water strider is larger, however, has no white wing bands and a longer beak, only red on the underside and thinner, which is bent downwards at the tip. He often wades in belly-deep water, if it gets deeper he can also swim.
The call, a loud "tjuit", is usually given by the bird in monosyllables or in a loose row.
The highest proven age of a dark water strider was 6 years and 2 months.
Occurrence
The dark water strider lives on sandbanks and in shallow water zones inland and by the sea. It breeds in Lapland and Siberia . The dark water strider is a long-distance migrant whose main wintering quarters are in Africa. The Sahel zone up to Sudan and the East African highlands is of particular importance. However, numerous birds also overwinter on the southern coast of the Mediterranean and in Western Asia. There are also wintering quarters in the Indian suburbs and Southeast Asia. In western and southern Europe only a very small number overwinter.
In Central Europe, the bird can be seen mainly on the autumn migration from the beginning of August to the end of October and on the spring migration from the beginning of April to the end of May.
habitat
The dark water strider breeds on dry to moist, often boggy soil in open regions of the tundra and taiga. During the migration and the winter rest, it spends time in fresh and brackish waters on muddy and silty areas. On the Wadden coast, it mostly seeks land areas and can be seen in bays and salt marshes. In inland it uses the shallow water zones of bodies of water as well as wet or flooded meadows and sewage fields.
food
The bird feeds primarily on small fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic insects in all stages of development, which it looks for in shallow water. In the Wadden Sea, its diet is dominated by crustaceans, annelids and mollusks.
Reproduction
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The dark water strider breeds from May to July on moist grass, moss or lichen soil. The clutch consists of 4 eggs and is incubated almost exclusively by the male. The female is prone to polyandry .
Duration
The European breeding bird population is estimated at 19,000 to 42,000 breeding pairs at the beginning of the 21st century. Of these, about 10,000 to 15,000 pairs breed in Finland, 2,000 to 6,000 in Norway and 2,000 to 10,000 in the European part of Russia. Another 5,000 to 11,000 breeding pairs live in Sweden. In Sweden, an extension of about two hundred kilometers in a southerly direction has been observed since the 1960s.
The dark water strider is considered to be one of the species that will be particularly hard hit by climate change. A research team that, on behalf of the British Environmental Protection Agency and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, examined the future distribution of European breeding birds on the basis of climate models assumes that by the end of the 21st century the range of the dark water strider will increase by two Shrink one third and move northeast. Present and future distribution areas hardly overlap. Only a small area in northern Sweden and Finland remains in isolation. Potential new distribution areas are in the far north of Russia to the south of Novaya Zemlya .
supporting documents
literature
- Hans-Günther Bauer, Einhard Bezzel and Wolfgang Fiedler (eds.): The compendium of birds in Central Europe: Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 1: Nonpasseriformes - non-sparrow birds. Aula-Verlag Wiebelsheim, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89104-647-2 .
- Svensson-Grant-Mullarney-Zetterström: The new cosmos bird guide. ISBN 3-440-07720-9 .
Web links
- Tringa erythropus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed on December 22 of 2008.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Tringa erythropus in the Internet Bird Collection
- Dark water strider (Tringa erythropus, Pallas 1764 at www.naturschutz-fachinformationssysteme-nrw.de) ( Memento from January 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- [1]
- Dark Sandpiper's feathers
Single receipts
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 498
- ↑ Bauer et al., P. 499
- ^ Brian Huntley, Rhys E. Green, Yvonne C. Collingham, Stephen G. Willis: A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds , Durham University, The RSPB and Lynx Editions, Barcelona 2007, ISBN 978-84-96553-14-9 , P. 195