Lovebirds
| Lovebirds | ||||||||
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Collared dove ( Streptopelia decaocto ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||
| Streptopelia | ||||||||
| Bonaparte , 1855 |
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The lovebirds ( Streptopelia ) are a genus of pigeon birds with a little over a dozen species .
features
The lovebirds are usually smaller and slimmer than the field pigeons ( Columba ). In addition, they have a longer, more wedge-shaped tail. The plumage is brownish in most species. However, many species have black and white spots. Characteristic of the species are white or black neck rings, side patches on the neck, black ear patches or black spots on the wings. The beak is stretched.
distribution
The center of their distribution area is Africa , but various species are also found in mainly tropical Asia , but also in southern Europe. The Turkish and the turtle dove are two representatives of the lovebirds that are also found in large parts of Europe . The turkish dove in particular has expanded its range significantly in recent decades and is now also part of the avifauna in Great Britain, where it was not represented until the 1960s. The lovebirds of the temperate climates are mostly migratory birds .
Inventory development
In contrast to the turkish dove, which has expanded its range, the population of the turtledove is declining. According to an EU study published in 2007, the turtledove is one of the species whose population has declined by 62 percent over the past 25 years. The decline in the population is attributed to changes in agricultural cultivation methods and the decline in the types of smoke that play a major role in the feeding of lovebirds. The decline in the population is also due to the shooting of the pigeons, especially in the Mediterranean region, during their migration times.
species
The lovebirds belong within the order of the pigeon birds to the subfamily Columbinae . The genus includes 13 species:
- Giggle pigeon ( S. bitorquata )
- Cape pigeon ( S. capicola )
- Crested dove ( S. decaocto )
- Pigeon pigeon ( S. decipiens )
- Adamaua turtle dove ( S. hypopyrrha )
- Mourning turtle dove ( S. lugens )
- Oriental turtle dove ( S. orientalis )
- Reichenowtaube ( S.reichenowi )
- North African laughing pigeon ( S. roseogrisea )
- Half moon dove ( S. semitorquata )
- Wine-red neck-ring pigeon ( S. tranquebarica )
- Turtle dove ( S. turtur )
- Red pigeon ( S. vinacea )
In a separate genus Nesoenas were separated:
- Madagascar turtle dove ( Nesoenas picturata , formerly Streptopelia picturata )
- Rose pigeon ( Nesoenas mayeri , formerly Streptopelia mayeri )
- Nesoenas rodericana (formerly Streptopelia rodericana or Alectroenas rodericana , Rodrigues fruit pigeon) - recently extinct (around 1750s)
- Reunion rose pigeon ( Nesoenas duboisi , formerly Streptopelia duboisi ) - extinct in modern times (around 1700)
Spilopelia were separated into their own genus :
- Palm pigeon ( Spilopelia senegalensis , formerly Streptopelia senegalensis )
- Pearl- necked pigeon ( Spilopelia chinensis , formerly Streptopelia chinensis )
Phylogenetic studies of the genus of field pigeons ( Columba ) and the genus of lovebirds ( Streptopelia ) in 2001 revealed that two groups of species could not be fully assigned to either group. In many cases, separate genera for these pigeon species had previously been established. However, it was decided to leave them in the genus of the lovebirds or - as in the case of the rose pigeon - to classify them there, since they seemed to be most closely related to this group. The rose pigeon (formerly Streptopelia mayeri ) and the Madagascar turtledove (formerly Streptopelia picturata ) found in Mauritius were placed in the genus Nesoenas established by T. Salvadori in 1893 for the rose pigeon in 2005 by Anthony S. Cheke . In the same work, Cheke suggested that the pearl-necked pigeon (formerly Streptopelia chinensis ) and the palm pigeon (formerly Streptopelia senegalensis ) should also be grouped together in their own genus. He nominated the genus Stigmatopelia , established by Sundevall in 1872 for the palm pigeon , because within Sundevall's work it had priority over the genus Spilopelia established for the pearly pigeon , as it was first mentioned in the work of Sundevall. However, according to Article 24.2 of the ICZN , the simultaneous publication of different generic names in different parts of a work does not require any order of priorities. If synonymy occurs later, a priority is only set by a new author (first reviser). In this case , the first reviser was Richard Schodde , who had already established a subgenus for the palm pigeon and the pearl- necked pigeon in 1997 and selected the name Spilopelia for them. The generic name Spilopelia for both species has now largely established itself, but some systematists follow the division of Sundevalls into two different genera.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rösler, p. 113.
- ^ Alison Benjamin: Study reveals severe decline of Europe's common birds . Guardian.co.uk. December 21, 2007. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
- ↑ Kevin P. Johnson, Selvino de Kort, Karen Dinwoodey, AC Mateman, Carel ten Cate, CM Lessells & Dale H. Clayton: A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba. Auk, 118, 4 pp. 874-887, 2001 doi : 10.1642 / 0004-8038 (2001) 118 [0874: AMPOTD] 2.0.CO; 2 PDF
- ^ T. Salvadori: Catalog of the Columbidae or pigeons in the collection of the British Museum. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London 1893
- ^ Anthony S. Cheke: Naming segregates from the Columba – Streptopelia pigeons following DNA studies on phylogeny. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club (BOC), 125, 4, pp. 293-295, 2005
- ↑ CJ Sundevall: Methodi naturalis avium disponendarum tentamen / Försök till Fogelklassens naturenliga Uppställning. Samson & Wallin, Stockholm 1872
- ↑ Article 24 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
- ↑ Richard Schodde: Columbidae. In: R. Schodde and IJ Mason: Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). Zoological Catalog of Australia, Vol. 37.2, pp. 9-63, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne 1997, pp. 21-22
- ↑ Frank Gill & David Donsker (eds.): Tauben ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the IOC World Bird List (v 3.5) , 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013. doi : 10.14344 / IOC.ML.3.5
literature
- David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes, John Cox: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World . Pica Press, Sussex 2001, ISBN 90-74345-26-3 .
- Alois Münst, Josef Wolters: Pigeons - The types of wild pigeons. 2nd expanded and revised edition. Karin Wolters Verlag, Bottrop 1999, ISBN 3-9801504-9-6 .
- Gerhard Rösler: The wild pigeons of the earth - free living, keeping and breeding . M. & H. Schaper Verlag, Alfeld-Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7944-0184-0 .
