Type Drammen
Nafplio ex Heinrich Heine in Hamburg
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The small refrigerated ship type Drammen (also Drammen Clipper or type Alaskacore especially for the German MFC ships) is considered the world's most successful refrigerated ship design with a total of 43 units built by five different shipyards.
details
The design was created in the late 1960s by the Norwegian shipyard Drammen Slip & Verksted from Drammen for the Israeli fruit export company Maritime Fruit Carriers (MFC) from Haifa. The type ending "... core" is therefore derived from the Hebrew word for "cold". It was the smallest and fastest of a program consisting of three different sized reefer types, which also included the somewhat larger Core type and the even larger Supercore design from other Norwegian shipyards.
The Drammen design was partially modified in the course of the construction period, so both the measurement and the load-bearing capacity increased in later buildings. The performance of the diesel engines used depended on the model used. For example, the early newbuilds were powered by a Sulzer 9RND68 nine-cylinder diesel engine. Later ships received the eight-cylinder Sulzer 8RND68 and some of the last units were equipped with a six-cylinder engine.
A large number of the ships of the type sailed temporarily under the German flag and were in charter with the Swedish Salén shipping company until the collapse of the MFC in 1976 and later with the successor company, Cool Carriers . Seven of the ships alone were delivered to the Frigomaris Kühlschiff Reederei in Hamburg. According to a report in the newspaper Die Zeit , the ships ordered by Intermare and financed through a tax depreciation concept were said to have been considerably overpriced.
From 1972 the British Smith's Dock shipyard also built the Norwegian design under license. Buyers here were often the Glasgow shipping companies Coinworth, Island Fruit Reefers Shipping and North West Shipping (not always as an orderer, but sometimes only when the finished ships are taken over).
Four of the ships also sailed at times under the flag of the GDR . Ernst Moritz Arndt and Gerhart Hauptmann were Great Britain purchases by Smith's Dock shipyard, the other two units, the newbuildings Heinrich Heine and Theodor Körner, were ordered from the Norwegian Framnaes shipyard by Deutsche Seereederei .
While the majority of the ships were scrapped after around 20 to 25 years, later units often achieved a somewhat longer service life. A ship built in 1972, the former Lapland , the Frigomaris was converted into a cattle transporter in the mid-1990s and, despite its unusually old age, remained in service until 2014.
The ships (selection)
| Ships of the Drammen type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ship name | Shipyard / construction number | IMO number | Commissioning | Client | Renaming and whereabouts |
| Golar Nel | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 63 | 6805464 | 1968 | Gotaas-Larsen , Tvedestrand | 1975 Brestskaja Krepost , 1990 S. Lucia , demolished from October 21, 1993 |
| Slevik | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 65 | 6905290 | 1969 | Karlander Reefer, Fredrikstad | 1969 Alaskacore , 1975 Alaska , 1979 Alaska I , 1986 Nissos Skopelos , on November 15, 1986 in position φ 39.42 ° N; λ 021.24 ° W decreased |
| Golar Borg | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 66 | 7002291 | 1969 | Gotaas Larsen, Tvedestrand | On October 31, 1978 on a voyage from Rostock to Havana, 60 nautical miles west of the Azores in position φ 38 ° 30'N; λ 040 ° 12'W decreased. |
| Antarcticore | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 67 | 7006297 | April 30, 1970 | Frigomaris reefer shipping company, Hamburg | 1975 Antarctic , Nissos Skiathos , Nissos Reefer , 1993 Collision on the Nantong River (Shanghai) |
| Beringcore | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 68 | 7024108 | September 18, 1970 | Frigomaris reefer shipping company, Hamburg | 1975 Bering , 1975 Bonita , on December 14, 1981 in position φ 50.05 ° N; λ 002.31 ° W decreased |
| Greenlandcore | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 69 | 7038800 | 1971 | Frigomaris reefer shipping company, Hamburg | 1971 Greenland , 1975 Cayman , 1976 Smara , 1988 Ithaka Reefer , 1991 Pacific Trader , 1994 demolition in Alang |
| Iceland | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 70 | 7107792 | 17th July 1971 | Frigomaris reefer shipping company, Hamburg | 1984 Atitlan , 1985 Iceland , 1985 Urucitrus , 1988 Nissos Naxos 1988 Naxos Reefer , 1991 Atlantic Trader , 1993 demolition in Pakistan |
| North country | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 71 | 7120809 | 1971 | Frigomaris reefer shipping company, Hamburg | 1979 Nordland V , 1984 Arawak , 1985 Nordland V , 1987 Nissos Paros , 1989 Arctic C. , 1990 Arctic Reefer , on January 1, 1994 on a voyage from China to Venezuela in position φ 29.23 ° N; λ 133.26 ° E (about 570 nautical miles south of Shikoku) sunk (17 fatalities) |
| Lapland | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 72 | 7203663 | April 1972 | Frigomaris reefer shipping company, Hamburg | 1976 Kungshamn , 1978 Sijilmassa , 1990 Bolivar Trader , 1994 conversion to the Farid F 2006 Torrens animal transporter , sold for demolition on July 22, 2014 |
| Labrador clipper | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 73 | 7217559 | 1972 | Maritime Fruit Carriers, Haifa | 1976 Tuscan Star , 1980 Chios Pride , 1993 demolition in Bombay |
| Kongsfjell | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 74 | 7230173 | 1972 | Trygve Gotaas, Oslo | Golar Ragni , 1975 Ragni Berg , 1977 Sierra Nevada , 1986 ARV Puerto Cabello (T 44), scrapped in Puerto Cabello in 2004/05 |
| London Clipper | Smith's Dock Company / 1319 | 7214571 | 1972 | -, Glasgow | 1976 Salinas , 1978 Tropical Breeze , 1986 Rio Santa Rosa , 1993 demolition in Chittagong |
| Glasgow Clipper | Smith's Dock Company / 1320 | 7224629 | 1972 | -, Glasgow | 1976 Andania , 1981 Europa Freezer , 1985 Balmar , 1986 Pacifico , 1990 Network Stork , 1992 Banana Planter , 1995 demolition in Alang |
| Newcastle Clipper | Smith's Dock Company / 1322 | 7233747 | 1973 | Rockhampton Shipping, Glasgow | 1976 Trojan Star , 1980 Chios Clipper , 1992 Frio Clipper , 1994 Roman Hurricane , 1995 demolition in Aliağa |
| Golar girl | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 75 | 7305760 | 1973 | Gotaas Larsen, Tvedestrand | 1977 Hilco Girl , 1981 Timur Girl , 1983 Lucky I , 1984 Ciudad de Guayaquil , 1988 Provincia del Guayas , 1995 Baltic Sea , scrapped in Peru in 2009 |
| Cardiff clipper | Smith's Dock Company / 1323 | 7306192 | 1973 | -, Glasgow | 1976 Alaunia , 1981 Oceania Freezer , 1986 Frosty , 1987 Ace Frosty , 1988 Frio Bremen , 1994 Golden B , 1998 UB Pearl , 1998 demolition in Alang |
| Bristol Clipper | Smith's Dock Company / 1324 | 7324089 | 1973 | Bristol Maritime Enterprises, Glasgow | 1976 King Edmund , 1977 Ernst Moritz Arndt , 1990 Bagno Catarama , 1994 demolition in Alang |
| Wild flamingo | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 76 | 7325710 | 1973 | Federal Steam Navigation | Frio Chile , 1975 Bonita , 1995 demolition |
| Wild Fulmar | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 77 | 7369015 | 1974 | Federal Steam Navigation | 1983 Reefer Duku , 1988 Starsea , 1990 Midway , 1990 Fire and Explosion, hung up, 1992 demolition |
| Frigoartico | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 78 | 7383061 | 1974 | Transfruta - Companhia Nacional de Navios Frigoríficos, Lisbon | 1982 Cap Frio , 1985 Tropical Sintra , scrapped in Alang from June 3, 1999 |
| Frigoantartico | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 79 | 7383073 | 1974 | Transfruta - Companhia Nacional de Navios Frigoríficos, Lisbon | 1984 Cap Ferrato , 1985 Tropical Estoril , scrapped in Alang from June 7, 2001 |
| Liverpool Clipper | Smith's Dock Company / 1325 | 7329352 | 1974 | Portland Bay Shipping, Glasgow | 1976 King Egbert , 1978 Gerhart Hauptmann , 1990 Bagno Quevado , 1992 Billefrost , 1994 demolition in Alang |
| Heinrich Heine | Framnaes Mekaniske Verksted / 184 | 7383140 | June 30, 1975 | DSR lines | 1990 Bagno El Trunfio , 1994 Metanic , 1996 Nafplio , demolished in 2004 |
| Theodor Körner | Framnaes Mekaniske Verksted / 185 | 7383152 | 19th December 1975 | DSR lines | Decommissioned on November 30, 1990 at DSR, to Elmshurst Shipping Ltd., Panama as Bagno Esmeraldas , 1994 as Magellanic , remeasured in 1995 with BRZ 6916. 1996 as Argolic , launched from June 16, 1998. 1999 Vista I . The sale was planned for demolition, but would continue to be sold as Eisha to First Star Transport Inc. Phom Phen. On September 14, 2001 to Tallinn / Estonia for a major overhaul, then on the move., Demolition from August 30, 2008 |
| Ifni | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 86 | 7432329 | 1977 | Compagnie Marocaine de Navigation, Casablanca | 1990 Brasilia Reefer , 2000 demolition in Bombay |
| Imilchil | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 82 | 7383102 | 1976 | Compagnie Marocaine de Navigation, Casablanca | After water ingress on August 17, 1990, stranded in tow off Cristobal in 1992, demolition in situ |
| Emanuel | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 83 | 7411349 | 1976 | Maritime Fruit Carriers | 1985 Emanuel B. , 1992 Emanuel C. , 1995 UB Prince , 2002 Tbreed VII , canceled from June 30, 2004 |
| Wild Gannet (Reefer) | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 84 | 7411351 | 1977 | P&O, London | 1983 Reefer Manggis , 1990 Ionic Reefer , 1997 Vergina Reefer , from July 13, 2002 demolition in Aliaga |
| Imouzzer | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 86 | 7432329 | 1977 | Compagnie Marocaine de Navigation, Casablanca | 1991 Tropicana Reefer , 2002 demolition in Aliaga |
| Wild Grebe | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 85 | 7411363 | 1978 | ? | Reefer Nangka , Minoic Reefer , scrapped |
| Ragni mountain | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 87 | ? | 1978 | Peter Yberg, Norway | 1987 Bahamian Reefer , 12/1988 Otrant Frigo , 1993 Adriatic Trader , 1994 UB Polaris , 11/2002 Tbreed II , from September 26, 2003 demolition in Alang |
| Elisabeth Berg | Haugesund Mekaniske Verksted /? | 7710329 | 1979 | Peter Yberg, Norway | 1981 Zain Al-Qaws , 2001 Jawaher , 2003 Veesham VI , demolished on May 9, 2003 |
| Rio Esmeraldas | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 90 | 7809687 | 1979 | Flota Bananera Ecuatoriana, Guayaquil | Isla Fernandina , 1995 Balboa Reefer , 2003 Kirki , 2004 Nordic Cape , demolition from August 2008 in Alang |
| Rio Chone | Drammen Slip & Verksted / 91 | 7812634 | 1980 | Flota Bananera Ecuatoriana, Guayaquil | 1989 Isla Genovesa , 1995 Malibu Reefer , 1999 Malicia , 1999 Lilia I , 2002 Ariadne , 2002 Nordic Star , 2008 demolition in Chittagong |
| Rio Babahoyo | Kaldnes Mekaniske Verksted / 214 | 7909803 | 1980 | Flota Bananera Ecuatoriana, Guayaquil | 1988 Isla Pinta , 1995 Curacao Reefer , 2003 Kalypso , 2004 Nordic Bay , demolition in Alang from August 2008 |
| Rio Palora | Drammen Slip & Verksted /? | ? | 1981 | Flota Bananera Ecuatoriana, Guayaquil | Paquisha , Isla Isabela , 1995 Orinoco Reefer , 2004 Orenoco Reefer |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Shipyard site (English)
- ^ Newspaper report " The Germans Pay Everything " of Die Zeit from December 5, 1969
- ^ Clarkson Research Studies (Ed.): The Reefer Register and Reefer Containership Register 2000 . 6th edition. Clarkson Research Studies, London 2000, ISBN 1-903352-03-7 .
- ^ Entry at Det Norske Veritas
- ↑ The Labrador Clipper at bluestarline (English)
- ↑ The Newcastle Clipper at bluestarline (English)
literature
- Arnold Kludas ; Witthohn, Ralf: The German reefer ships . 1st edition. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1981, ISBN 3-7822-0248-1 .