Type school building
As a type school building is called the standardized construction of school buildings in the GDR . Almost without exception, all new school buildings were built from 1955 to 1990 as uniform type buildings . A total of around 2500 schools were built in this way, with a total of 5900 schools at the end of 1988. With the exception of the SVB series , all type school buildings were built using prefabricated panels .
Types
SVB series - masonry structures
The schools of the SVB series (Schulverbundbau) with sports hall and dining room built from 1953 to 1963 mostly have a U-shaped floor plan and were built in brick or brick blocks.
Further examples are the Marie-Curie-Gymnasium Dresden 51 ° 3 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 44 ′ 55.3 ″ E or the support center at the Rostock water tower 54 ° 4 ′ 41 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 33.7 ″ E
Atrium types
Schools in the atrium series consist of two or three individual buildings that are connected by several connecting corridors so that individual courtyards remain free.
Different atrium types were built in the individual districts .
- The hall atrium type consists of three buildings and three connecting corridors, into which a sports hall and a dining room are integrated. All other atrium types have a separate sports hall and the dining room in the basement.
- The types Erfurt Atrium , Potsdam Atrium and Dresden Atrium consist of two buildings and three connecting corridors.
- The Schwerin and Magdeburg types only have two connecting corridors.
- There are also occasional “half” buildings of the Magdeburg type
From Hall atrium about 30 units were built, of Dresden Atrium about 180. This series was built from 1963 to 1989.
Examples
- Hall atrium: Elementary indication settlement Bitter field 51 ° 38 '19.1 " N , 12 ° 18' 50.5" O
- Erfurt Atrium: State Vocational School Commercial Professions Gera 50 ° 51 ′ 31.7 ″ N , 12 ° 4 ′ 7.5 ″ E
- Dresden Atrium: Free Evangelical School Dresden 51 ° 1 ′ 55.5 ″ N , 13 ° 48 ′ 38.1 ″ E
- Schwerin: House 2 and 3 (dual location) of the Goethe Gymnasium Schwerin 53 ° 38 ′ 11.7 ″ N , 11 ° 23 ′ 24.3 ″ E
Cobblers
It is characteristic of shoemakers that there are one or two separate specialist room buildings, which are connected to the classroom building by a connecting passage. The Rostock type with two specialist room buildings was built exclusively in the Rostock district . In contrast to this, the type Erfurt TS was built in a total of 7 districts, since the Erfurt construction combine was responsible for planning school construction in the GDR. With around 500 units, it is the most common type of school and has a characteristic H-shaped floor plan.
The types 66 , 69 and 75 of the Erfurt TS are available ; this number indicates the year of development. In the Gera district there is also the regional variant Gera TS 72 , in which, in contrast to the Erfurt type, the windows of the specialist rooms are on the long side of the specialist room building.
Examples:
- Gera type: Rötleinschule Zeulenroda 50 ° 39 '23.9 " N , 11 ° 58' 55.2" O
- Type Erfurt: Otto-Lilienthal-Regelschule ⊙ (typical double location in which the two buildings are connected along the specialist room building; see also the adjacent photo)
- Rostock type (single and double location): Rostock-Evershagen school campus ( history ) 54 ° 7 ′ 31 ″ N , 12 ° 3 ′ 21.6 ″ E
Gait types
There are the gang types Berlin SK , Leipzig , Cottbus 1962 , Cottbus 1977 , Chemnitz and Dresden R 81 . Schools of these types essentially consist of a single building block. The Cottbus 1977 type has a separate multi-purpose hall as a special feature. The Cottbus 1977 type was also designed as a two-wing school building with an auditorium. Five identical schools can be found in Cottbus alone.
Examples:
- Type Cottbus 1977: Humboldt-Gymnasium Cottbus 51 ° 47 ′ 15.2 ″ N , 14 ° 21 ′ 4 ″ E
- Type Cottbus 1977 with auditorium (two-wing): Max-Steenbeck-Gymnasium
- Type Leipzig: Froebel School Leipzig 51 ° 18 ′ 56.2 ″ N , 12 ° 17 ′ 18.2 ″ E
- Type Dresden R 81: 117. Primary school Dresden 51 ° 2 ′ 0.3 ″ N , 13 ° 44 ′ 1 ″ E
After the 2000s, when school buildings in Berlin were shut down, there was an increased need for the 2020s due to immigration and the rise in birth rates. The school types still preserved will be reactivated and adapted to the increased requirements while maintaining the basic structure. So who built around 1970 Type SK (Franz Mehring School Lichtenberg: Location Paul-Junius-Straße 69, 10391 Berlin-Lichtenberg is 68 52 ° 31 '38.1 " N , 13 ° 28' 38.7" O ) for modernization. At other East Berlin locations, the type buildings had been demolished and new buildings were needed.
School series 80
This school series is characterized by variably combinable, individual buildings connected by corridors and was built primarily by the building combinations Erfurt, Dresden and Leipzig ( SR 80 Erfurt , SR 80 Dresden and SR 80 Leipzig ). A gymnasium was partially integrated at SR 80 Dresden . This school series also includes the types Berlin 81 GT (only a single wing of the building) and SR 80 Rostock .
About 200 schools in this series were built.
Examples:
- Type SR 80 Dresden: 9th secondary school "Am Elbe-Park" Dresden 51 ° 4 ′ 53.8 ″ N , 13 ° 41 ′ 54.3 ″ E
Type Erfurt II
The Magdeburg type is sometimes referred to as Erfurt II . On the other hand, the Luther-Melanchthon-Gymnasium , which was rebuilt by Friedensreich Hundertwasser , is also referred to as Erfurt II , although its layout corresponds to the Erfurt TS type (double location).
Problems
When erected, the buildings corresponded to the building technology of the GDR in the sense of prefabricated construction. A characteristic feature is the large-scale use of window areas that let in a lot of light, but often too much heat in summer. In winter, on the other hand, the windows radiate a lot of heat, which leads to a very high heating energy requirement. The heat radiation is increased by the lack of insulation and gaps between the precast panels.
Further developments
Due to the strong migration, especially from the prefabricated housing estates , the unfavorable building physics and changed requirements (for example on fire protection), many of these schools were demolished in the post-reunification period . However, many buildings have also been renovated and often changed through extensions and alterations in such a way that the original floor plan can no longer be recognized. The Jena sports high school , based on the former Gera TS 72 type, can be seen as an example .
literature
- Jochen Schmidt : The faculty and its housing. In: ders .: space. Earth. Human. Dresden / Leipzig 2010, pp. 106–113 (literary arrangement)
Web links
Individual evidence
- "Type school buildings in the new federal states - modernization guidelines" (PDF; 16.8 MB); Central Office for Standardization Issues and Economic Efficiency in Education (ZNWB), Secretariat of the Standing Conference of Education Ministers in the Federal Republic of Germany, 10117 Berlin-Mitte; 1999.
- ↑ a b section “Type buildings in the school stock of the new federal states”, p. 6.
- ↑ Section “SVB School Series”, p. 14.
- ↑ a b c table Regional distribution of type school buildings in the new federal states and in East Berlin . P. 11.
- ↑ Section Atrium Types ", p. 20 ff.
- ↑ Section Atrium Types ", p. 20.
- ↑ Section Typenschule Rostock . P. 57.
- ↑ Section “Shoemakers”, p. 42.
- ↑ Section cobbler types, p. 42 ff.
- ↑ Section "Gait types, p. 61 ff.
- ↑ Section “School Series 80”, p. 79 ff.
- ↑ Page 80: "[...] represent about 3% of the school building stock in the new federal states [= 5900 schools]."
Further individual evidence
- ↑ Falk Jaeger: plate, braided . Reconstruction and expansion of a primary school in Schulzendorf. In: Metamorphosis building in existing buildings . No. 2 , 2008 ( online [accessed September 30, 2011]).
- ↑ Jörg Niendorf: A guy who goes to school . The GDR survived the H-shaped school building. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung . May 26, 2010 ( online [accessed September 30, 2011]).
- ↑ Update of the integrated district concept for the Friedrichsfelde area in Berlin-Lichtenberg; StadtBüro Hunger, Stadtforschung und -planung GmbH ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 1.5 MB)
- ↑ Where new schools are being built - the district overview . In: Tagesspiegel , February 10, 2017
- ↑ Lichtenberg announces school building campaign of 900 million euros for schools . LichtenbergMarzahnPlus , July 17, 2019
- ↑ Refurbishment of the school building and the sports hall including outdoor facilities on the Paul-Junius-Str. 69
- ↑ Basic repairs and expansion of the school building and the sports hall at the Paul-Junius-Straße school site
- ↑ New school is being built: From 2021 up to 700 pupils are to study on Wartiner Straße . In: Berliner Woche , April 15, 2017.
- ↑ See, for example, “New district meeting place in Pablo-Neruda-Str.” ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Further down on the same page ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. you can see the floor plan of the school building.
- ↑ Rauterberg: Joy to screw on . In: THE TIME . 1999 ( online [accessed September 30, 2011]).
- ^ Jena sports high school