Type school building

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As a type school building is called the standardized construction of school buildings in the GDR . Almost without exception, all new school buildings were built from 1955 to 1990 as uniform type buildings . A total of around 2500 schools were built in this way, with a total of 5900 schools at the end of 1988. With the exception of the SVB series , all type school buildings were built using prefabricated panels .

Types

SVB series - masonry structures

The schools of the SVB series (Schulverbundbau) with sports hall and dining room built from 1953 to 1963 mostly have a U-shaped floor plan and were built in brick or brick blocks.

The secondary school in Milkau ( series SVB ) built in 1960, today's factory school in Milkau

Further examples are the Marie-Curie-Gymnasium Dresden 51 ° 3 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 55.3 ″  E or the support center at the Rostock water tower 54 ° 4 ′ 41 ″  N , 12 ° 8 ′ 33.7 ″  E

Atrium types

The 110th and 111th Polytechnic High School in Dresden-Zschertnitz, built in 1973/74 (double location of the Dresden Atrium type ). Demolished in 2007 for the new Vitzthum grammar school .

Schools in the atrium series consist of two or three individual buildings that are connected by several connecting corridors so that individual courtyards remain free.

Different atrium types were built in the individual districts .

  • The hall atrium type consists of three buildings and three connecting corridors, into which a sports hall and a dining room are integrated. All other atrium types have a separate sports hall and the dining room in the basement.
  • The types Erfurt Atrium , Potsdam Atrium and Dresden Atrium consist of two buildings and three connecting corridors.
  • The Schwerin and Magdeburg types only have two connecting corridors.
  • There are also occasional “half” buildings of the Magdeburg type

From Hall atrium about 30 units were built, of Dresden Atrium about 180. This series was built from 1963 to 1989.

Examples

Cobblers

It is characteristic of shoemakers that there are one or two separate specialist room buildings, which are connected to the classroom building by a connecting passage. The Rostock type with two specialist room buildings was built exclusively in the Rostock district . In contrast to this, the type Erfurt TS was built in a total of 7 districts, since the Erfurt construction combine was responsible for planning school construction in the GDR. With around 500 units, it is the most common type of school and has a characteristic H-shaped floor plan.

The types 66 , 69 and 75 of the Erfurt TS are available ; this number indicates the year of development. In the Gera district there is also the regional variant Gera TS 72 , in which, in contrast to the Erfurt type, the windows of the specialist rooms are on the long side of the specialist room building.

1972 built 39th Polytechnic High School in Erfurt, today's Otto Lilienthal regular school. Double location of the Erfurt type .

Examples:

Gait types

There are the gang types Berlin SK , Leipzig , Cottbus 1962 , Cottbus 1977 , Chemnitz and Dresden R 81 . Schools of these types essentially consist of a single building block. The Cottbus 1977 type has a separate multi-purpose hall as a special feature. The Cottbus 1977 type was also designed as a two-wing school building with an auditorium. Five identical schools can be found in Cottbus alone.

Examples:

Polytechnic high school ( gang type ) built in 1967 in Berlin-Lichtenberg. Demolished in 2008

After the 2000s, when school buildings in Berlin were shut down, there was an increased need for the 2020s due to immigration and the rise in birth rates. The school types still preserved will be reactivated and adapted to the increased requirements while maintaining the basic structure. So who built around 1970 Type SK (Franz Mehring School Lichtenberg: Location Paul-Junius-Straße 69, 10391 Berlin-Lichtenberg is 68 52 ° 31 '38.1 "  N , 13 ° 28' 38.7"  O ) for modernization. At other East Berlin locations, the type buildings had been demolished and new buildings were needed.

School series 80

This school series is characterized by variably combinable, individual buildings connected by corridors and was built primarily by the building combinations Erfurt, Dresden and Leipzig ( SR 80 Erfurt , SR 80 Dresden and SR 80 Leipzig ). A gymnasium was partially integrated at SR 80 Dresden . This school series also includes the types Berlin 81 GT (only a single wing of the building) and SR 80 Rostock .

About 200 schools in this series were built.

The Humboldt-Gymnasium Weimar ⊙ , the experimental building for the school series 80 .
School series 80 in Halle-Silberhöhe .

Examples:

Type Erfurt II

The Magdeburg type is sometimes referred to as Erfurt II . On the other hand, the Luther-Melanchthon-Gymnasium , which was rebuilt by Friedensreich Hundertwasser , is also referred to as Erfurt II , although its layout corresponds to the Erfurt TS type (double location).

Problems

When erected, the buildings corresponded to the building technology of the GDR in the sense of prefabricated construction. A characteristic feature is the large-scale use of window areas that let in a lot of light, but often too much heat in summer. In winter, on the other hand, the windows radiate a lot of heat, which leads to a very high heating energy requirement. The heat radiation is increased by the lack of insulation and gaps between the precast panels.

Further developments

Due to the strong migration, especially from the prefabricated housing estates , the unfavorable building physics and changed requirements (for example on fire protection), many of these schools were demolished in the post-reunification period . However, many buildings have also been renovated and often changed through extensions and alterations in such a way that the original floor plan can no longer be recognized. The Jena sports high school , based on the former Gera TS 72 type, can be seen as an example .

literature

  • Jochen Schmidt : The faculty and its housing. In: ders .: space. Earth. Human. Dresden / Leipzig 2010, pp. 106–113 (literary arrangement)

Web links

Commons : Category “School building of the GDR”  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b section “Type buildings in the school stock of the new federal states”, p. 6.
  2. ↑ Section “SVB School Series”, p. 14.
  3. ↑ a b c table Regional distribution of type school buildings in the new federal states and in East Berlin . P. 11.
  4. ↑ Section Atrium Types ", p. 20 ff.
  5. ↑ Section Atrium Types ", p. 20.
  6. ↑ Section Typenschule Rostock . P. 57.
  7. ↑ Section “Shoemakers”, p. 42.
  8. ↑ Section cobbler types, p. 42 ff.
  9. ↑ Section "Gait types, p. 61 ff.
  10. ↑ Section “School Series 80”, p. 79 ff.
  11. ↑ Page 80: "[...] represent about 3% of the school building stock in the new federal states [= 5900 schools]."

Further individual evidence

  1. ↑ Falk Jaeger: plate, braided . Reconstruction and expansion of a primary school in Schulzendorf. In: Metamorphosis building in existing buildings . No. 2 , 2008 ( online [accessed September 30, 2011]).
  2. ↑ Jörg Niendorf: A guy who goes to school . The GDR survived the H-shaped school building. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung . May 26, 2010 ( online [accessed September 30, 2011]).
  3. ↑ Update of the integrated district concept for the Friedrichsfelde area in Berlin-Lichtenberg; StadtBüro Hunger, Stadtforschung und -planung GmbH ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 1.5 MB)
  4. ↑ Where new schools are being built - the district overview . In: Tagesspiegel , February 10, 2017
  5. ↑ Lichtenberg announces school building campaign of 900 million euros for schools . LichtenbergMarzahnPlus , July 17, 2019
  6. ↑ Refurbishment of the school building and the sports hall including outdoor facilities on the Paul-Junius-Str. 69
  7. ↑ Basic repairs and expansion of the school building and the sports hall at the Paul-Junius-Straße school site
  8. ↑ New school is being built: From 2021 up to 700 pupils are to study on Wartiner Straße . In: Berliner Woche , April 15, 2017.
  9. ↑ See, for example, “New district meeting place in Pablo-Neruda-Str.”  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Further down on the same page  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. you can see the floor plan of the school building.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.neustaedtersee.de  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.neustaedtersee.de  
  10. ↑ Rauterberg: Joy to screw on . In: THE TIME . 1999 ( online [accessed September 30, 2011]).
  11. ^ Jena sports high school