Commission of Inquiry into the Use of Violence during the Revolution in Egypt 2011

The Commission of Inquiry into the Use of Force during the Revolution in Egypt 2011 is a non-governmental commission of judges, legal experts and activists from the democracy movement, which set itself the goal of investigating in detail the deaths during the revolution in Egypt 2011 .

The commission found that at least 846 civilians and 26 police officers were killed and another 6,467 people were injured, some seriously, during the revolution. She also named names of responsible persons. According to the Egyptian government in office, a copy of the report was handed over to both Justice Minister Abdel Aziz al-Gendy and Prosecutor General Abdel Meguid Mahmud on April 19, 2011 .

history

Earlier, on February 10, 2011, a commission of inquiry had been set up by the Prime Minister of Egypt Ahmad Schafiq , who was in office until March 3, 2011 by decree (Decree No. 294/2011) . THIS commission included the lawyers Adel Qadora, Mohamed Amin El-Mahdy, Eskandr Ghatas, Mohamed Badran and Nagwa Khalil. The members of the non-governmental investigative commission that was then formed (of which we are talking about HERE) feared, however, that an investigative commission, which was set up by a government that was still heavily enforced by Mubarak loyalists, or by the actually ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces , is not really interested in clarifying what is going on in the background. For this reason they banded together and began their own research, which led to the results mentioned here.

procedure

Members

The commission was made up of judges, legal experts and activists from the democracy movement.

• Omar Marwan - judge - general secretary of the commission of inquiry
• Hossam Eissa - Professor in the Law School of Ain Shams University
• Fatma Khafaga - Human Rights Activist - Former Director of the National Council for Women (Ombudsman Office)
• Khaled al-Shalakany - Chairman of the Egyptian Supreme State Security Prosecution
• Tareq Zaghloul - Lawyer - Former Secretary General of the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights
• Ahmad Seif el-Islam - former director of the Hisham Mubarak Legal Center

Result and evaluation

After questioning allegedly more than 17,000 eyewitnesses - demonstrators and police officers - and evaluating more than 800 video clips and amateur photos, the investigative commission came to the conclusion that a total of 846 civilians and 26 Police officers killed and a further 6,467 people injured, some seriously.

Snipers from the State Security Service's anti-terrorist unit would have come down from roofs - such as B. the Home Office or the Nile Hilton - shot at the protesters. They also fired at residents who filmed the protests from windows and balconies.

Many protesters have been targeted and shot in the head or chest; this suggests the use of snipers, the report said. The committee's general secretary, Judge Omar Marwan, emphasized that former President Husni Mubarak and former Interior Minister al-Adli have the main responsibility for the murder of the people:

“The shooting lasted for several days. There were people killed in Suez on January 25. Neither the president nor the interior minister ordered any kind of investigation. Then killings happened in other cities. No investigation was conducted ... They did not interfere to stop it or hold accountable those who fired live rounds; this confirmed their involvement in responsibility. "

“The shooting lasted for several days. People were killed in Suez on January 25th. Neither the President nor the Home Secretary initiated any inquiries. Then there were killings [of demonstrators] in other cities as well. Again, no investigations were ordered. ... They did not step in to stop it, [nor did they step in] to hold those who were firing live ammunition to account; and [only] that proves that they are implicated, that they are responsible for it. "

- Judge Omar Marwan : press conference on April 19, 2011

Although no written shooting order was found by Mubarak, it can be assumed with certainty that - due to the command structure in Egypt - he was aware of the events and nevertheless did not intervene. "The order to shoot demonstrators was only possible with his consent," said Omar Marwan, the general secretary of the committee of inquiry.

In addition to Husni Mubarak and Habib al-Adli, there are other responsible persons, according to the report: Gamal and Alaa Mubarak , the two sons of Husni Mubarak , the former chairman of the Shura council Safwat El-Sherif , the businessman Ibrahim Kamel , Aisha Abdel-Hadi , the Former labor minister, Hussein Megawer , the chairman of the Egyptian Trade Union Federation (ETUF) (the state-controlled and monitored unified union of Egypt), the former spokesman for the Egyptian people's assembly Ahmed Fathi Sorour and the lawyer Mortada Mansour. In particular, they are accused of being the masterminds of the so-called "Battle of the Camel" when thugs from Mubarak and the ruling party NDP attacked demonstrators on Tahrir Square with knives, sticks and stones, seriously injured them or even hit them on February 2, 2011 murdered.

Web links

• Al-Ahram: Gamal Essam El-Din, NDP's battle of the camel

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Die Zeit-Online April 20, 2011: Judges give Mubarak complicity in violence
2. ^ Egypt State Information Service April 20, 2011: Fact-Finding Committee Submits Final Report on Jan. 25 Revolution
3. ↑ Cabinet of Ministers February 10, 2011: Formation of Fact-Finding Committee on the Youth Uprising February 10, 2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ The Daily News Egypt February 28, 2011: Popular committee to independently investigate violence, killings during demos
5. ↑ Amnesty International, December 9, 2008: Human Rights Defender in Egypt: Ahmed Seif El-Islam
6. ↑ Die Zeit-Online April 20, 2011: Judges give Mubarak complicity in violence
7. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung April 21, 2011: allegations against Mubarak. Süddeutsche Zeitung , April 20, 2011, accessed on August 14, 2020 . 
8. ↑ Al-Ahram Weekly No. 1044 / April 21 - 27, 2011: Blood an their hands ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ↑ Bikyamasr April 22, 2011: Committee details Mubarak's role in killing protesters  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ^ Deutsche Welle April 20, 2011: Egypt is coming to terms with the recent past
11. ↑ faz.net April 20, 2011: Order to shoot demonstrators. Mubarak shared responsibility
12. ↑ Al-Ahram: Mohamed Abdel-Baky, Blood on their hands ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
13. ↑ Die Zeit-Online April 20, 2011: Judges give Mubarak complicity in violence
14. ^ Al-Masry Al-Youm April 20, 2011: Sorour held for questioning on charges of killing protesters
15. ↑ Al-Ahram Weekly No. 1044 / April 21 - 27, 2011: Blood an their hands ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
16. ↑ Bikyamasr April 22, 2011: Committee details Mubarak's role in killing protesters  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.