Urbem Romam
| Urbem Romam Papal Bull |
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|---|---|
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| Pope | Benedict XIV. |
| date | 1746 |
| Translation of the title | Constitution of Rome |
With the bull Urbem Romam , Pope Benedict XIV. , Geb. Prospero Lambertini, officially the register of the Roman nobility on January 4, 1746, ordering the compilation of a list of Roman nobles and the deposit of the family names and coats of arms in the books of the Heraldic Congregation of the Roman Senate, in the Capitol .
Pope Benedict XIV was endowed with a strong sense of law and politics. The purpose of the bull was limited to defining the role of the Roman nobles , their functions in the city administration and the families who could enjoy the privileges. The bull laid down the composition, attributes, and drafting system of the Roman nobility; but within the patricians it separated the papal families from the others. The rules served to establish the existing Roman noble families and to accept new families. It was about the matter, both from a heraldic point of view and from an administrative point of view. The Romans were therefore prevented from using the title in public and private acts if they did not have the necessary conditions to be assigned to the nobility of the city. This constitution had the effect that in practice it reserved the exercise of municipal jurisdiction for the Roman nobility, in order to bind the Roman nobles to urban customs and not to the Holy See , thus removing them from political and religious decisions and from administrative ones to limit. In practice, the nobles must have had ancestors among the conservators , among the priests, or among the Caporioni of Rome. The system remained practically unchanged until the fall of the pope's temporal power.
In order for a person to be attributed to the Roman nobility, it was necessary that the applicant had to present conclusive evidence that his father and mother and his paternal and maternal ancestors belonged to families that are listed in splendore et juribus nobilitatis (splendors and rights of the nobility) lived. The applicant also had to provide his birth certificate and that of his parents and grandparents to fix the four quarters of the nobility. Evidence also had to be provided by the magistrates of the communities of origin. This evidence included the honorary degrees, the positions taken, the famous ancestors. Evidence of the censo dovizioso (wealthy wealth) also had to be brought.
Benedict XIV also affirms the nobility of the families of the Popes by giving the nephew, the sons of the brother of the Pope, the princely rank and treatment with excellence, i.e. H. an official position in the state and the recognition of the nobility de jure , i.e. without proof. The Golden Book listed 180 families who were entitled to the title of Roman patrician, of which 60 had the Roman patrician title of Coscritto .
The Golden Book of Roman Nobility was burned by the Jacobins during the Roman Republic (1798–1799) .
Between 1839 and 1847 a new Golden Book was compiled and kept in the Capitol Historical Archives. The painter Giovanni Rust was entrusted with the task of painting the noble coats of arms of the Roman noble families on sheets of parchment and richly decorating the title page of the Golden Book with miniatures and the insignia of the city of Rome and the incumbent pontiff. The codex is bound in red velvet and decorated on the corners, on the back and on the front with gilded bronzes by Guglielmo Hopfgarten. It lists 335 families who received the title of Roman patrician .
According to Gaetano Moroni's specialist dictionary, around 1840 the cost for each applicant was 113.35 scudi ; but not included were: the silver box for the seal, the copy and binding of the diploma, the drafting of the script and the copies for the members of the community, for which an additional 150 scudi had to be added. According to a new regulation - so Moroni - the subjects of the Austrian Empire had to have permission from the ambassador of their country.
Individual evidence
- ^ Libro d'Oro . Archived from the original on August 11, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
literature
- M. Tosi: La società romana dalla feudalità al patriziato (1816-1853) . Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, Rome 1968 (Italian).
- N. La Marca: La nobiltà romana ei suoi strumenti di perpetuazione del potere . tape I . Bulzoni, Rome 2000 (Italian).