VDV core application
The VDV core application (short form: VDV-KA) is an open data and interfaces - standard for electronic ticketing or electronic fare management (EFM) in the public passenger transport . It is the technological heart of the electronic ticket system eTicket Deutschland , on which the EFM systems introduced throughout Germany by transport associations and companies are based.
The standard was developed as part of a federal research project (funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF ). The project was completed in 2005.
The VDV core application is in fact the only recognized national standard for electronic public transport tickets in Germany. In 2008 the Conference of Transport Ministers of the Federal States declared compliance with the VDV core application to be a prerequisite for state subsidies. In Luxembourg, the VDV core application is also the basis for the electronic ticket in public transport.
When introducing the new electronic identity card, the federal government also ensured that the entire terminal infrastructure for the identity card is compatible with the VDV core application. This was laid down in guideline TR-03119 of the Federal Office for Information Security .
The standard is published and administered by VDV eTicket Service GmbH & Co. KG as the application publisher and operating company.
Range of functions
Transport companies that work with VDV-KA can decide for themselves which range of functions they want to use or offer their customers (see eTicket Germany article ). The basis is a participation contract that regulates organizational issues so that all connected systems can work together automatically and on an equal basis (interoperability).
The chip cards of the eTicket Deutschland technically support all existing expansion variants, even if only certain functions are activated in the respective area of use.
A distinction can be made between three expansion variants, whereby the first as a core functionality is always a prerequisite for the other two:
(1) eBay: Customers can buy their ticket cashless, which can also be just a paper ticket. For this purpose, from a technical point of view, a so-called payment authorization is applied to the chip card, which is also used in the expansion variants 2 and 3.
(2) eTicket: An electronic ticket is saved on the customer's chip card, which he or she selected beforehand in the service center or at the vending machine. In the introductory phase it is possible for a transport company to only issue tickets for customers with season tickets (such as monthly or annual tickets, job or semester tickets) and then electronically check their validity with suitable reading devices.
(3) eTicket with automatic fare calculation: The customer can use his eTicket to log in and out at terminals when boarding and disembarking. Special cards and procedures are currently being tested with smartphones with which the customer is automatically recorded by radio without any further action (see also section “Required components”).
Role model
The VDV core application defines a logical role model with the following roles in accordance with EN / ISO24014-1:
- User medium / customer
- Medium that serves as the carrier of the VDV core application.
- Customer contract partner (CIP)
- The customer contract partner is the entity that sells the customer a ticket and thus keeps the customer contract. This role is usually played by a transport company.
- Service provider (DL)
- The service provider provides the transport service and controls the tickets. It is a transport company. A DL often also takes on the role of CIP - but this is not mandatory.
- Product Manager (PV)
- The product manager defines the tariff (determines the ticket products) and also specifies the formal rules for ticket control. A transport association usually fulfills this role. Sometimes, however, transport companies also have an in-house tariff, so that then, for example, a transport company is PV and KVP (possibly also DL).
- Application publisher (AH)
- The application publisher defines the rules in the overall system, issues the application or the specifications, registers participating organizations and certifies components. He also provides the security system. According to logic, it only exists once. In Germany, this role is fulfilled by the VDV eTicket Service .
Use of radio technology
A system based on the VDV-KA can not only save and read travel tickets via RFID and near field communication (NFC), but also automatically determine fares. The signals are transmitted without contact in accordance with the ISO / IEC 14443 standard .
Components required
Transport associations and companies that want to enable their customers to use an eTicket Germany must set up a suitable technical infrastructure. In order to automatically calculate the fare, for example, terminals are required on the platforms, at the stops or in the vehicles at which a passenger logs in and out with their eTicket (check-in / check-out).
If the eTickets of boarding and disembarking passengers are to be automatically registered without their intervention, vehicles must be equipped with special room detection antennas, which can record the data from special cards or smartphones via radio from the ceiling area (be-in / be-out).
All system components used must be certified by the operating company. The cooperation partner is CTC advanced GmbH as the official test laboratory.
The approval tests for the VDV-KA relate, among other things, to the following components:
- User media (such as chip cards): As the customer's or user’s interfaces to the system, they must be able to be read and written reliably at every terminal and comply with security procedures (authentication / access protection).
- Terminals: The communication between the terminal and the user medium or the terminal and the background system is secured by encryption.
- Background systems: With their interfaces, they must enable the transactions of the various systems that are necessary for the business processes.
An overview of already certified components and products is available on the operating company's website.
Internal data exchange in the ION
The partners involved in the eTicket system exchange the encrypted data with each other via a protected Internet area, the "Interoperable Network" (ION). The ZVM (central switching point) service, which the VDV eTicket Service has operated by Atos Worldline , ensures that the data reaches the correct addressee within this network .
Control and blacklist service KOSE
The KOSE control and blacklist service is a central database, also operated by Atos Worldline. When checking in the vehicle, tickets and driving authorizations can be compared. KOSE has been in regular operation since October 2011 and enables the validity of all tickets to be checked nationwide.
ASM tool for business customers
The ASM tool is available to all business customers and those interested in business as a uniform customer interface for application and security management. This web service is used for administration and organization; for example, access rights to the data on the eTicket Germany can be set. The tool can also be used to call up specifications, order components and manage contacts.
Registration is required to get access to all services. The individual steps are documented in a user manual.
Web links
- Project description on the website of the VDV
- Download the specifications of the VDV core application
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/vdv-kernapplikation.aspx
- ↑ cf. Overall research program of the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) Chapter V Paragraph 4; http://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/G/otalforschungsprogramm-des-bundesministeriums-fuer-verkehr-und-digitale-infrastructure-bmvi.html
- ↑ http://www.verkehrsministerkonferenz.de/VMK/DE/termine/sitzungen/08-10-07-08-VMK/08-10-07-08-beschl.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2
- ↑ http://www.pressebox.de/pressemitteilung/highq-computerloesungen-gmbh/Handy-Ticketing-startet-in-Luxemburg/boxid/634981
- ↑ cf. BSI TR-03119; https://www.bundesanzeiger.de/download/BAnzAT1142010B1/08_BSI_TR-03119.pdf
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://busse-und-bahnen.nrw.de/initiativen-technik/technik-fahrzeuge/etickets-in-nrw/e-ticketing-im-nahverkehr/?orientationGroup=2
- ↑ techn. Specification of VDV-KA, HD-BOM, chapter 4
- ↑ VDV eTS (publisher): Specification of user medium for electronic fare management (KA NM-SPEC) .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ cf. Technical guideline TR 03126-1 of the BSI, Chapter 2, https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Publikationen/TechnischeRichtlinien/TR03126/BSI-TR-03126-1_pdf.pdf?__blob= publicationFile ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://ctcadvanced.com/de/downloads/#1513163609079-734a8d37-8e22
- ↑ http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/zertifikation.aspx
- ↑ https://asmtool.eticket-deutschland.de/asm-tool-extern/zertifikation/zertifikationView.seam
- ↑ http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/sperrlistenservice--koses-.aspx
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://asmtool.eticket-deutschland.de/asm-tool-extern/faq/faqView.seam
- ↑ https://asmtool.eticket-deutschland.de/asm-tool-extern/problem/registrierung/problemRegistrierungAdd.seam
- ↑ http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/benutzerhandbuch.pdfx?forced=false
