eTicket Germany
The eTicket Deutschland (spelling “(((eTicket Deutschland”) is an electronic ticket system for local public transport . Journeys can be billed without cash and without a paper ticket . It can be recognized by the blue (((e symbol.
Cards or other items that can be equipped with contactless chip technology ( RFID ), as well as mobile phones, are used as billing media. It thus combines mobile ticketing and e-tickets or online tickets .
The billing itself remains a matter for the respective transport company, but technically it runs on a uniform platform of the VDV eTicket Service . Depending on the expansion variant, users of a transport company can also bill journeys in areas of other transport companies without having to buy a new chip card .
Ideally, passengers do not have to familiarize themselves with the other company's tariff structure either, because the billing system of the electronic ticket automatically calculates the price for the connection between the start and end point.
To date, ten million chip cards have been produced with eTicket Germany (as of April 2014).
Variants of the fare determination
With the eTicket Deutschland, customers can buy conventional time and zone tickets before the trip or pay for their route flexibly after the trip according to use.
Before the journey: select a specific ticket
If the customer knows his exact itinerary and the required price level or has determined himself, he can buy his ticket before the journey as a classic paper ticket or in digital form (eTicket) with the chip cashless via the eTicket accounting system. The fare, period and area of validity are therefore fixed from the start.
While driving: flexible ticket entry and calculation
If the customer does not know which ticket they need before starting their journey, or if they do not want to decide where their journey ends, there is automatic fare determination, which is similar to the principle of using a taxi: the fare is only calculated at the destination, i.e. after the entire route is covered. There are two ways to do this:
Conscious registration on the reader (check-in / check-out)
If the customer gets on the bus or train, he holds his eTicket Germany (chip card, mobile phone, etc.) in front of a reader at the bus stop or directly in the vehicle. The terminal signals that the ticket has been recorded. When leaving, the customer logs off accordingly.
Automatic detection by radio (Be-in / Be-out)
With this variant, which is still in the trial phase, the customer does not have to hold their eTicket Germany in front of a reader when getting on or off. Instead, the ticket is automatically scanned by radio transmission and reading devices in the vehicle.
Settlement of the eTicket account
The ticket can be expanded to include an electronic payment function . In principle, this can also be used beyond public transport, for example when paying for bike rentals or in the parking garage.
The customer can buy the ticket from one of the sales partners and choose between three different billing options:
- pre-paid : The customer loads a certain amount of credit onto his account at the machine, which he can then spend.
- auto-load : The credit is automatically loaded as soon as it falls below a certain amount.
- post-paid : The customer regularly receives an invoice listing his expenses. He can settle it by direct debit or credit card.
Providers and Services
The following table shows which transport associations have already introduced the eTicket Germany and which services they offer:
| Transport association or region | Operation since | Chip card | Barcode on cell phone (mobile ticketing) | Check-in / check-out | Electronic ticket (EFS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saarbahn | 2005 | x | x | - | x |
| Verkehrsverbund Schwäbisch Hall roundabout | 2006 | x | - | x | - |
| OstalbMobil transport association | 2006 | x | - | - | x |
| Local transport association Hohenlohekreis | 2006 | x | - | x | - |
| Rhein-Ruhr transport association | 2007 * | x | x | EKS ** | x |
| Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg | 2007 * | x | x | - | x |
| Verkehrsgemeinschaft Niederrhein (merged into the VRR) | 2007 * | x | x | EKS ** | x |
| Central German transport association | 2009 | x | x | - | x |
| Berlin-Brandenburg transport association | 2011 | x | x | - | x |
| Hamburg Transport Association | 2011 | x | x | - | x |
| Rhein-Main transport association | 2011 | x | x | - | x |
| Heilbronn local transport | 2012 | x | x | x | - |
| Muenster | 2012 | x | x | x *** | x |
| Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (Dresden) | 2012 | x **** | x | - | x |
| Koblenz | 2014 | x | - | - | x |
| Transport association Stuttgart | 2015 | x | x | - | x |
| Erfurt | 2016 | x | - | - | x |
| Schweinfurt | 2017 | x | - | EKS *** | x |
| Aachen Transport Association | 2017 | x | x | EKS ** | - |
| Lake Constance Upper Swabia (bodo) | 2017 | x | - | x | - |
Notes: * previous system since 2003; ** EKS = entry control system; *** in Münster and Schweinfurt: check-in only; **** eTickets on chip cards since 2015
Document problem
In contrast to a classic paper ticket, with eTicket Deutschland the customer cannot directly control how the information about his journeys is recorded. A status query (for example about the period of validity and permitted tariff zones) is possible at public machines, at home using a reader on your own computer and mobile using a mobile phone app if the device has an NFC interface.
privacy
Critics point out that the determined journeys can be used to create movement profiles of the users. The risks discussed also include the possibility of personal data being stolen or manipulated.
The Munich Public Prosecutor's Office points out in a guide that Deutsche Bahn stores the data of all radio cells through which the system user passes in its Touch & Travel system, which is based on eTicket Deutschland . However, investigators could only access this traffic data according to §100g StPO .
According to the provider, international security standards, especially when handling confidential data, are met with the eTicket Germany, and the system is based on the guidelines of the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). Before the eTicket system is put into operation, the respective transport company must involve its data protection officer.
In order to protect both the data and the exchange of data between the systems used and the partners involved, there is a separate security management system. In addition to defined organizational processes, it also includes the use of cryptography . Both symmetrical and asymmetrical keys ( public key infrastructure ) are used. The keys can be secured in a security module (Secure Application Module = SAM) like in a safe. With the help of this SAM, for example, a terminal checks whether an eTicket is genuine. All components - chip cards, terminals and background systems - are tested and certified independently of the manufacturer.
According to information from Sjef Janssen, managing director of the operating company, with a view to the general data processes, there was already close cooperation with the federal and state data protection officers during the concept phase. Only data that are required to identify a valid ticket (name, gender and, for subscribers, the date of birth only if they are needed to check personal tickets) are stored on the chip with the respective travel authorization. In addition, the companies are legally obliged to save the data only to an appropriate extent.
development
The first chip card applications in public transport in Germany were introduced in the early 1990s, including Fahrsmart ( Oldenburg and Lüneburg ), PayCard, Geldkarte and ALLFA ( Dresden ). However, these systems were not compatible with each other. In 1999, the VDV therefore decided to set up a standardized electronic ticket and fare management system that uses standardized technology to ensure interoperability between the transport associations. The then VDV Kernapplikation GmbH & Co. KG , founded for this purpose in 2003, presented the VDV core application as the standard for such an e-ticket in 2005 .
The first company to use the eTicket Germany (at that time still under the name VDV Kernapplikation) as a pilot project was Saarbahn GmbH in Saarbrücken in 2005. This was followed by other pilot projects in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR), the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg (VRS) and the then still independent Verkehrsgemeinschaft Niederrhein (VGN) under the names Ticket 1000 and Ticket 2000 (in the VRR also the SchokoTicket , the YoungTicket Plus and for senior citizens the BärenTicket). First of all, from 2003 onwards, subscribers were equipped with chip cards from a proprietary system; from 2007 onwards the company switched to eTicket Germany.
The first cross-association system started in April 2006 in the transport associations KreisVerkehr Schwäbisch Hall , Nahverkehr Hohenlohekreis and OstalbMobil . At the beginning of 2011, the Heilbronn local transport followed. These transport associations call their eTicket Kolibricard . In addition to the subscriber chip card, an anonymous prepaid card is also offered here and thus also single tickets.
In the meantime, over 400 transport companies and associations have signed contracts with the VDV eTicket Service for the establishment and operation of eTicket Germany systems.
International providers
Internationally comparable products with the eTicket Germany are the Japanese IC cards ( Suica card, PASMO etc.), in London the Oyster card , the Octopus card in Hong Kong, the OV-chipkaart in the Netherlands, the MOBIB card in Belgium and the Paris Navigo Pass . In Switzerland, an app is also on the market with lezzgo , which can be traveled across the country in public transport using CICO, regardless of the transport company.
Web link
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.zughalt.de/2014/04/zehn-millionen-eticket-chipkarten/
- ↑ a b Frequently Asked Questions ( Memento of April 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), ticket-info.net
- ↑ PDF ( Memento from October 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://cryptome.org/isp-spy/munich-spy-all.pdf
- ↑ § 100g StPO ( Memento from February 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/sicherheit.aspx
- ↑ http://www.eticket-deutschland.de/sicherheit.aspx
- ↑ http://www.zughalt.de/2018/03/mvv-tritt-e-ticket-deutschland-bei/