Vanessa Annabella
| Vanessa Annabella | ||||||||||||
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Vanessa Annabella |
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| ( WD Field , 1971) |
West Coast Lady is a butterfly ( butterfly ) of the genus Vanessa from the family of Edelfalter (NYMPHALIDAE), which occurs from the eastern North America to Central America. In South America it is replaced by the sister species and the vicariate Vanessa carye .
features
butterfly
The moths look very similar to the painted lady . The tips of the forewings, however, are angled, colored black and have several large and small orange spots instead of white spots. There are only a few small white spots directly at the apex. The root field and the inner wing half have an orange and black spotted pattern. The base of the wings is colored yellow-brown. The hind wings are also yellow-brown at the base and have an extensive pattern similar to the drawing of the forewings, the black spots of which are only strongly colored on the outer edge of the wing, the other spots are pale. In the post-fiscal region there are up to five blue-core black spots. The underside of the hind wings is white and marbled in different shades of brown and has five different sized eye spots on the outer edge . The underside of the forewings is colored like the upper side, but distinctly paler. Two larger light spots are visible on the front edge. The black of the wing tips is partly mixed with brown tones and towards the wing base the orange can be colored towards red.
Pre-imaginal stages
The eggs are pale green. The caterpillars vary in color from brownish to reddish and have orange spots. The head is 2.5 millimeters smaller than that of the Painted Lady with 3.5 millimeters. The doll is light brown with golden spots.
Similar species
- Painted Lady ( Vanessa cardui )
- American painted lady ( Vanessa virginiensis )
- Vanessa carye from South America has an almost identical drawing but a different valva , whereby the males can have very different gnathes .
In California, hybrids with the admiral ( Vanessa atalanta ) occur occasionally .
Geographical distribution and habitat
Vanessa annabella occurs in western North America north to Washington / Oregon and in Central America to Guatemala , east to Montana , Colorado and New Mexico . Occasionally, hiking flights to central British Columbia , eastern North Dakota and southern Ontario are observed. It is thus distributed allopatric to its vicariate Vanessa carye , who occurs south of Colombia and Venezuela .
Way of life
In the Californian lowlands, the moths fly in several generations throughout the year. In the Rocky Mountains the species is two-brood, the moths fly in midsummer and autumn, the latter hibernating. At higher altitudes there is probably only one generation or they have immigrated. The mating behavior is identical to the admiral ( Vanessa atalanta ). The habitat is open land and urban hinterland from the Upper Sonora Zone to the Canadian Zone . Mass flights are known from California. It is reported from 1953 that on March 29th, 100 moths per minute were counted flying over a narrow clearing at 5000 feet (1500 meters) in the Santa Rosa Mountains of southern California. At that time there was still a lot of snow in the hollows between the trees on the northern slopes.
The eggs are likely to be laid on top of leaves of host plants. The caterpillars eat leaves and spin leaves into a bag. The caterpillars feed on various herbaceous plants:
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Mallow family (Malvaceae)
- Hollyhock Althaea rosea , Malacothamnus fasciculatus , Lavatera assurgentifolia , Malvastrum exile , Malva parviflora , common mallow ( Malva sylvestris ), Malva neglecta ( Malva neglecta ), Malva nicaeensis , Malva otundifolia , Sida hederacea , Sidalcea malvaeflora , Sidalcea glaucescens , Sidalcea oregana ssp. spicata , Sphaeralcea ambigua
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Nettle family (Urticaceae)
- Small nettle ( Urtica urens ), stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica ssp. Holosericea ).
Doubtful host plants are Lupinus succulentus , Lupinus arboreus , oval-leaved privet ( Ligustrum ovalifolium ), common privet ( Ligustrum vulgare ) and broad-leaved lavender ( Lavandula latifolia ).
Systematics
Vanessa carye is the sister species of V. annabella . V. annabella was only separated from Field in 1971 as a separate species of V. carye due to differences in the genitals. Previously, V. annabella was classified as a subspecies of V. carye . Both species form the basal group within the genus Vanessa .
supporting documents
literature
- Scott, James A .: The butterflies of North America . Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 1986, ISBN 0-8047-2013-4 .
- Richard I. Vane-Wright, Harold WD Hughes: Did A Member Of The Vanessa Indica Complex (Nymphalidae) Formerly Occur In North America? In: Lepidopterists 'Society (Ed.): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society . tape 61 , no. 4 , December 14, 2007, ISSN 0024-0966 ( archive.org ).
- Arthur M. Shapiro, Hansjurg Geiger: Electrophoretic Comparisons Of Vicariant Vanessa: Genetic Differentiation Between V. Annabella And V. Carye (Nymphalidae) Since The Great American Interchange . In: Lepidopterists 'Society (Ed.): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society . tape 43 , no. 2 , May 18, 1989, ISSN 0024-0966 ( archive.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Scott, p. 281
- ^ Vane-Wright, Hughes, p. 204
- ^ Butterflies of America
- ↑ Shapiro, Geiger, p. 82
- ↑ The Lepidopterist's News: Field and Technique News, 1953, 7 (2), p. 53 [1]
- ^ Vane-Wright, Hughes, p. 202
Web links
- West Coast Lady - Vanessa annabella (Field 1971). In: Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved January 19, 2013 .
- Vanessa annabella (Field 1971) (West Coast Lady). In: Butterflies of America. Retrieved January 19, 2013 .