Vanessa Carye

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Vanessa Carye
Vanessa carye - Flickr - Dick Culbert.jpg

Vanessa Carye

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Papilionoidea
Family : Noble butterfly (Nymphalidae)
Genre : Vanessa
Type : Vanessa Carye
Scientific name
Vanessa Carye
( Huebner [1812])

Vanessa carye is a South American butterfly ( butterfly ) of the genus Vanessa from the family of the noble butterfly (Nymphalidae). In Central and North America it is replaced by the sister species and the vicariate Vanessa annabella .

features

butterfly

The moths look very similar to the painted lady . The tips of the forewings are angled, black in color and have several large and small orange spots instead of white spots. There are only a few small white spots directly at the apex. The root field and the inner wing half have an orange and black spotted pattern. The base of the wings is colored yellow-brown. The hind wings are also yellow-brown at the base and have an extensive pattern similar to the drawing of the forewings, the black spots of which are only strongly colored on the outer edge of the wing, the other spots are pale. In the post-fiscal region there are five roughly equal, mostly blue-core, black spots. The underside of the hind wings is white and marbled in different shades of brown and has five different sized eye spots on the outer edge . The underside of the forewings is colored like the upper side, but distinctly paler. Two larger light spots are visible on the front edge. The black of the wing tips is partly mixed with brown tones and towards the wing base the orange can be colored towards red.

Aberration elymi

The moths have a uniform appearance in their large area of ​​distribution. Only one rare aberration elymi is known, which is also found in other species of the genus Vanessa . This lacks the discal wing drawing, the subapical dark elements merge and it shows a row with white, submarginal spots. This aberration is likely caused by the cold of the pupal phase. She was starting off as Pyrameis caryae . bruchi Köhler , 1945 and Pyrameis caryoides Giacomelli , 1922.

Pre-imaginal stages

The caterpillar is blackish with small bright thorns and spots.

Similar species

  • Vanessa annabella : Vanessa annabella has a yellow-brown line directly after the cell on the upper side of the forewing and the marginal line on the underside is slightly smaller. The line under the Cu2 vein on the upper side of the forewing is very small or absent, which isvery well defined in the carye vein. A white spot in the middle of the underside of the hind wing at the end of the cell is shaped like an hourglass instead of a triangle.
  • American painted lady ( Vanessa virginiensis ): of the four dark spots in the submarginal region of the hind wings, the two outer ones are significantly larger than the two inner ones and are usually blue-core.
  • Painted lady ( Vanessa cardui ): the basic color of the wings is yellow-brown, the large, light costal spot at the apex is white and the dark spots in the submarginal region of the hind wings are only rarely blue.

Geographical distribution and habitat

Vanessa carye comes in South America from the mountains of Colombia and west of Caracas ( Venezuela ) via Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia Chile , southern Brazil and Paraguay to Patagonia in Argentina and on Easter Island , the Tuamotu Archipelago , the Juan Fernández Islands and on the Mangarevainseln . It is thus spread allopatric to its vicariate Vanessa annabella , who occurs north of Guatemala .

In temperate regions, Vanessa carye also lives in the lowlands, otherwise in the mountains. It is widespread in fields in Argentina, and Vanessa carye is often the only common species in Patagonia .

Vanessa carye lives in very many different habitats with open and sunny terrain and a layer of herbs such as occurs on meadows, in steppes, bushland, savannas , dry mountain valleys and along rivers and streams and on fallow agricultural areas. In Chile, Vanessa carye occurs from the coast up to 5000 meters in many different habitats, such as deserts on the coast, mountain forests and badlands.

Way of life

Vanessa carye flies in Paraguay from June to September during the winter in the southern hemisphere. Mass and hiking flights are known from Argentina and Chile. The mating behavior is identical to that of the admiral ( Vanessa atalanta ).

The caterpillars feed on a variety of plants, mainly from the families of Compositae (Asteraceae) and mallow (Malvaceae).

Sometimes it comes to mass reproductions, in which the then very numerous caterpillars cannibalize.

Systematics

The species that was first described by Jacob Huebner in 1812 as Hamadryas carye without specifying a type locality includes today's V. annabella and V. carye . William Dewitt Field investigated butterflies from various localities in North and South America in the 1950s and found slight differences in the drawing and genitals. He was able to determine from a picture by Hübner that he had described a butterfly from South America and in 1971 Field published a work in which he described the North American population, previously regarded as a subspecies, as the new species Cynthia annabella . The species status was at first quite controversial, but could also be confirmed by genetic studies.

Synonyms

  • Hamadryas decora carye Huebner , [1812]
  • Vanesa charie Blanchard, en Gay , 1852
  • Pyrameis carye Godman & Salvin , [1882]
  • Pyrameis carye var. Muelleri Letcher , 1898
  • Vanessa caryae Holland , 1898
  • Pyrameis caryae Williams , 1911
  • Pyrameis caryoides Giacomelli , 1922
  • Pyrameis carye forma minuscula Hayward , 1931
  • Vanessa Carye Hayward , 1934
  • Pyrameis caryae . bruchi Köhler , 1945
  • Vanessa Carye Hayward , 1934
  • Pyrameis caryae . bruchi Köhler , 1945
  • Vanessa Carye Hayward , 1950

supporting documents

literature

  • Scott, James A .: The butterflies of North America . Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 1986, ISBN 0-8047-2013-4 , pp. 632 pages .
  • Richard I. Vane-Wright, Harold WD Hughes: Did A Member Of The Vanessa Indica Complex (Nymphalidae) Formerly Occur In North America? In: Lepidopterists 'Society (Ed.): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society . tape 61 , no. 4 , December 14, 2007, ISSN  0024-0966 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur M. Shapiro, Hansjurg Geiger: Electrophoretic Comparisons Of Vicariant Vanessa: Genetic Differentiation Between V. Annabella And V. Carye (Nymphalidae) Since The Great American Interchange . In: Lepidopterists 'Society (Ed.): Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society . tape 43 , no. 2 , May 18, 1989, ISSN  0024-0966 ( archive.org ).
  • Niklas Wahlberg, Daniel Rubinoff: Vagility across Vanessa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): mobility in butterfly species does not inhibit the formation and persistence of isolated sister taxa . In: Systematic Entomology . tape 36 , no. 2 . Wiley, April 2011, p. 362-370 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-3113.2010.00566.x ( wiley.com [accessed January 13, 2013]).
  • WD Field: Butterflies of the Genus Vanessa and of the Resurrected Genera Bassaris and Cynthia, (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) . In: Smithsonian Contributions To Zoology . No. 84 , 1971 ( si.edu [accessed January 20, 2013]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Scott, James A .: The butterflies of North America . Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 1986, ISBN 0-8047-2013-4 , pp. 261 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Gerardo Lamas: Ocoourence of the Elymi Aberrant Phenotype in Vanessa carye (Huebner) (Nymphalidae) The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 22 (2): 115–117, 1983 [1]
  3. ↑ a b The large butterflies of the American fauna area . In: Adalbert Seitz (ed.): The large butterflies of the earth . tape 5 . Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart 1907, p. 459 .
  4. ↑ Filed, p. 37
  5. ^ Wahlberg, Rubinoff, p. 264
  6. ↑ a b Filed, p. 56
  7. ^ A b c Andrés Oscar Contreras Chialchi, Julio Rafael Contreras Roqué: Presencia del género Vanessa FABRICIUS, 1807 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), en la Ecorregión del Ñeembucú y en el Paraguay Oriental . Series A: Ciencias Naturales. In: Instituto de Bioecología e Investigación Subtropical "Félix de Azara" (ed.): Azariana, Series A: Ciencias Naturales . tape 1 , no. 20 , 2010, ISSN  2075-4191 , p. 213–217 (Spanish, faunaparaguay.com [PDF; accessed December 14, 2014]).
  8. ↑ Shapiro, Geiger, p. 82
  9. ↑ Wahlberg, Rubinoff, pp. 262-370

Remarks

  1. ^ For example, in Scott 1986

Web links

Commons : Vanessa carye  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files