Vanilla bicolor

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Vanilla bicolor
Systematics
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Vanilloideae
Tribe : Vanilleae
Genre : Vanilla ( vanilla )
Type : Vanilla bicolor
Scientific name
Vanilla bicolor
Lindl.

Vanilla bicolor is a species of vanilla ( Vanilla ) in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The climbing plant is found in the Caribbean and northern South America.

description

Vanilla bicolor is an evergreen climber with a fleshy shoot that is round in cross section. The internodes are much longer than the leaves. The leaves are elongated oval, the leaf edge can be slightly reddish in color. The leaves are 5 to 7.5 inches long and 1.8 to 3.2 inches wide. The petiole is very short.

The fragrant flowers are quite large, the petals are reddish brown, the lip cream-colored. The inflorescence axis is slightly compressed laterally, the few flowers are arranged in two lines. The curved ovary is about two inches long. At the end it is provided with a sepal-like widening (calyculus). The sepals are narrow, lanceolate, pointed, 4 to 6 centimeters long and 0.7 to 1 centimeter wide. The petals are 5.5 inches long and 0.6 to 0.8 inches wide. Both sepals and petals are slightly keeled on the outside. The lip is 6.5 to 7 inches long, 4 to 5 inches wide, indistinctly three-lobed, its front edge is wavy. Some scaly veins run lengthways. The column is 3 to 4 centimeters long and has two wings at the front. The fruit smells sweet and aromatic, it becomes 12.5 to 15 centimeters long.

distribution

Vanilla bicolor is common in the Caribbean and northern South America. In the north it reaches Cuba, Jamaica and Hispaniola , in South America it settles in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela and neighboring Brazil. To the southwest it reaches Colombia and Ecuador along the Andes. It reaches altitudes of 1700 meters. It inhabits relatively dry locations such as bushes and woods in savannahs.

Systematics and botanical history

This orchid was described by Lindley in 1838 .

Within the genus Vanilla , Vanilla bicolor is classified in the sub-genus Xanata and there in the section Xanata , which only contains species of the Neotropics . Related species are Vanilla palmarum and Vanilla savannarum . A frequently used synonym is Vanilla wrightii .

literature

  • Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde . In: Gilbert Bouriquet (ed.): Encyclopédie Biologique . tape XLVI . Paul Lechevalier, Paris 1954.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Phillip Cribb: A new infrageeric classification and synopsis of the genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae) . In: Lankesteriana . tape 9 , no. 3 , 2010, p. 370 ( ucr.ac.cr [PDF]).
  2. ↑ a b c Roland Portères: Le Genre Vanilla et ses Espèces. In: Le Vanillier et la Vanille dans le Monde. Pp. 222-223, 259-260.
  3. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Vanilla bicolor. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  4. ↑ In: Edwards's Bot. Reg. Volume 24, 1838, p. 37.