Vanilleae

Vanilleae
	Vanilla chamissonis
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Vanilloideae
Tribe :	Vanilleae
Scientific name
	Vanilleae
	flower

The tribe vanilleae from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae) includes ten or eleven genres . Plants from this tribe are distributed worldwide in the tropics, only a few species grow in subtropical or temperate climates. There are numerous climbing plants as well as mykoheterotrophic plants.

description

Externally, the tribe Vanilleae includes very different species, from very small, leafy plants to large lianas.

The roots are long and fleshy. The climbing species cling to their aerial roots. Velamen either does not exist, is only one cell layer thick, or comprises several cell layers. In contrast to the related Pogonieae, the scion is never hollow. The leaves are alternately distributed on the stem, they are often leathery or fleshy, often with reticulated leaf veins. Some species have no leaves and only carry out photosynthesis via the green shoot, other leafless species live mykoheterotroph.

The inflorescence is terminal or lateral, racemose or branched. The flowers are resupinated , often large and colored, mostly they are only short-lived. There is a separating fabric between the ovary and the flower cover; the ovary can be one-chamber or three-chamber. The petals are not fused together. Sepals and lateral petals are similar to each other. The lip is usually three-lobed, often fused at its base with the column to form a tube and covered with quills, appendages or hair. The column is slender, the stamen is bent down by more than 90 ° in relation to the column axis. The column often forms a hood-like tissue over the stamen (clinandrium), which is laterally provided with appendages. The pollen grains are present individually (monads), the pollen is only rarely stuck together to form pollinia . The fruits are capsules or leathery berries . The seeds are relatively large, with some genera with a hard seed coat , with others the seed coat only loosely envelops the embryo (as with most orchids).

distribution

The species of the tribe Vanilleae are distributed worldwide in the tropics. The genus Vanilla , which by far provides the most species, has its focus in South America, but is also represented with many species in Africa and Asia. Epistephium occurs only in South America. The other genera are found in East and Southeast Asia from Japan to New Guinea, on some Pacific Islands and in northeast Australia. The two monotypical genera Clematepistephium and Eriaxis are endemic to New Caledonia .

Systematics

The tribe Vanilleae belongs to the subfamily Vanilloideae within the orchid family (Orchidaceae) . Sister taxons are the Pogonieae . Dressler divides the tribe further into three sub-tribes Galeolinae, Lecanorchidinae and Vanillinae; a division that could not be confirmed by recent studies. The extent of the Vanilleae is essentially the same with different authors, only the little researched genus Pogoniopsis is excluded from the Pogonieae by Pansarin and placed under the Vanilleae.

Genera of the tribe Vanilleae:

Clematepistephium N.Hallé : With only one species:
- Clematepistephium smilacifolium (Rchb.f.) N.Hallé : It occurs in New Caledonia .
Cyrtosia flower : With six species in tropical and subtropical Asia.
Epistephium Kunth : With about 28 species that occur in tropical America.
Eriaxis Rchb.f. : With only one type:
- Eriaxis rigida Rchb.f. : It occurs in New Caledonia .
Erythrorchis flower : With two species that occur from Assam to Malesia and Japan and in eastern Australia.
Galeola Lour. : The four or so species come from tropical and subtropical Asia to the islands of the western Indian Ocean.
Lecanorchis flower : The approximately 23 species occur in tropical and subtropical Asia.
Pogoniopsis Rchb. f. : The two species of the genus were previously placed in the tribe Pogonieae, but uncertain. They occur in eastern Brazil.
Pseudovanilla Garay : The eightor sospecies occur from Malesia to the islands of the western Indian Ocean.
Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. (incl. Dictyophyllaria Garay ): The approximately 127 species occur in the tropics and subtropics.

supporting documents

literature

Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 297-299 .
Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 108-109 .

Individual evidence

↑ Emerson R. Pansarin, Antonio Salatino, Maria LF Salatino: Phylogeny of South American Vanilleae (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast (psaB, rbcL, rps16, and trnL-F) DNA, with emphasis on Cleistes and discussion of biogeographic implications . In: Organisms, Diversity & Evolution . tape 8 , 2008, p. 171-181 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Orchidaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 2, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Vanilleae - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Emerson R. Pansarin, Antonio Salatino, Maria LF Salatino: Phylogeny of South American Vanilleae (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast (psaB, rbcL, rps16, and trnL-F) DNA, with emphasis on Cleistes and discussion of biogeographic implications . In: Organisms, Diversity & Evolution . tape 8 , 2008, p. 171-181 .

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Orchidaceae. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 2, 2020.