Erythrorchis
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Erythrorchis cassythoides Plate |
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Erythrorchis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains two types of herbaceous plants that are native to East and Southeast Asia, as well as Australia.
description
The species of the genus Erythrorchis are terrestrial, herbaceous climbing plants. They are leafless and feed on mykoheterotroph . There is an extensive rhizome and root system underground , mostly in half-rotten wood. Above ground, the reddish-brown shoot climbs with adherent roots that form at each node . The leaves are reduced to small scales.
In the upper part of the shoot there are numerous inflorescences , they are grapes or little branched panicles . The flowers are resupinated , greenish yellow, wide open. The sepals are fleshy, the petals are narrower than the outer petals. The lip is white, with entire margins or indistinctly three-lobed, the sides are turned up and surround the column . The front edge of the lip is wavy. There is a callus on the lip and longitudinal hairy keels. The column is curved and extended beyond the base of the ovary ("column foot"). The stamen is bicameral, the two pollinia hard and not further divided. The capsule fruit is long and narrow, it contains numerous winged seeds. The wing runs around the seed and is deeply cut on one side so that the seed resembles a lily pad in outline. The seeds of Erythrorchis are spread by the wind.
distribution
Erythrorchis is native to Japan and Taiwan, in back India , the Philippines and in the western part of the island world of Indonesia ( Erythrorchis altissima ) as well as in the southeast of Australia ( Erythrorchis cassythoides ). The plants are found in forests and require large accumulations of dead wood.
Systematics and botanical history
Erythrorchis is classified within the subfamily Vanilloideae in the tribe Vanilleae . The closest related genera are Cyrtosia , Galeola and Pseudovanilla .
Erythrorchis was first described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1837 . The name Erythrorchis comes from the Greek erythros , "red", and describes the reddish color of the stems. Type species is Erythrorchis altissima , Blume had already described this plant as Cyrtosia altissima in 1825 . Both species of Erythrorchis have long been considered to belong to the genus Galeola . It was not until 1986 that Garay used the name Erythrorchis again and, in addition to Blumen's type species, added two other species to this genus that had previously been named Galeola . According to R. Govaerts, however, Erythrorchis ochobiensis is a synonym for Erythrorchis altissima .
The following two species belong to the genus Erythrorchis :
- Erythrorchis altissima (flower) flower (Syn .: Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Hayata) Garay ): It occurs from Assam to Malesia and Japan.
- Erythrorchis cassythoides (A.Cunn. Ex Lindl.) Garay : It occurs in eastern Australia.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 72-73 .
- ↑ a b c d e Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 311-313 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Erythrorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 24, 2016.
- ↑ In: Rumphia . Vol. 1, 1837, p. 200.
- ^ Leslie A. Garay: Olim Vanillaceae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) . tape 30 , 1986, pp. 232-234 ( botanicus.org ).
