Vegetative propagation
The vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of plants and lower animal organisms , especially protozoa . Like growth and regeneration processes , it is based exclusively on mitotic cell division . The daughter generation therefore does not differ in its genetic material from the mother generation; she is a clone . The vegetative propagation occurs in the nature of, but also in plant breeding for artificial propagation of plants by seed potatoes used. The opposite of vegetative reproduction is generative reproduction , which is known as sexual reproduction and spread as seeds .
Since the genetic material (apart from mutations ) remains unchanged during vegetative reproduction , hardly any adaptation to changing environmental influences can take place. This mainly happens through generative reproduction (sexual reproduction of the plants), in which the genetic material is recombined. This “new combination” represents the potential for adaptation. Plants use vegetative and generative reproduction as a rule at different times of ontogenesis , depending on their genetics and external living conditions. Bacteria exchange their genetic material under certain conditions, which means that they mainly pass on resistance genes .
Forms of vegetative reproduction
Auto-vegetative propagation
- Offshoot
- Mossing
- Demolitions (cracks)
- Lowerers
- Adventitious formation
- Runners ( stolons )
- Axillary bulbs (formation of brood bodies in the axils of the leaves)
- Fragmentation
- Kindel
- Nodule formation
- Budding (sprouting)
- Plant tissue culture ( in vitro propagation of plants from plant tissue).
- Rhizome division
- Dandruff reproduction
- Stem bulbs (formation of brood bodies at the stem base)
- Cuttings (wood cuttings and green cuttings)
- Stolons formation
- Floor division
- Cell division in single cells
Xenovegetative reproduction
Xenovegetative propagation ( Greek ξένος xénos "foreign") is vegetative propagation with the aid of outside.
- Finishing
- Cloning (in the technical sense of cell biology and reproductive medicine)
- Micropropagation
See also
Web links
- Cuttings, cuttings, offshoots - vegetative plant propagation at the Bavarian State Association for Horticulture and Land Care e. V.
- Lowering, mossing , meristem propagation, refinement on Baumpfingstrosen.de