Internal iliac vein
The internal iliac vein (outdated: hypogastric vein ) is a vein in the lower abdomen . It takes in the veins of the pelvic organs and the surrounding trunk wall , such as the perineum and buttock regions . A special feature of the internal iliac vein is that it has no venous valves .
course
The internal iliac vein is approximately 4 cm long in humans and runs, together with the artery of the same name , from the greater ischial foramen up into the common iliac vein , in front of the sacroiliac joint , into which it opens together with the external iliac vein .
Tributaries
From the trunk wall open into the internal iliac vein:
- Vena glutaea superior (vein accompanying the arteria glutaea superior )
- Vena glutaea inferior (vein accompanying the arteria glutaea inferior )
- Obturator vein (vein accompanying the obturator artery )
- Venae sacrales laterales (lateral cross veins) and the
- Vena pudenda interna (vein accompanying the arteria pudenda interna ).
The internal iliac vein receives inflows from the pelvic organs via the:
- Venae vesicales (urinary bladder veins )
- Vena uterina (uterine vein ) and the
- Vena rectalis media (middle rectal vein ).
Venous plexus
The veins of the pelvic organs form close-meshed plexuses around the respective organs, which communicate with each other and thus enable several drainage routes. These so-called plexus venosi have the function of swellable cushions that can adapt to the changing state of filling of the respective organ. Important venous plexuses are:
- Plexus venosus rectalis : this envelops the rectum and also forms the loops of the plexus haemorrhoidalis located in the anal columnae . It has drains to both the inferior vena cava and the portal vein (→ portocaval anastomosis ). Due to these anatomical peculiarities, the rectal venous plexus is of considerable clinical and practical importance for the pathogenesis of haemorrhoidal disease as well as for the metastasis and localization of colorectal cancer .
- Venosus vesical plexus
- Prostatic plexus (♂): This tends to thrombose when bedridden for a long time and thus to an increased risk of embolism
- Uterine venous plexus (♀)
- Plexus venosus vaginalis (♀)
- Sacral venous plexus
literature
- Hans Frick, et al .: Special Anatomy . Georg Thieme Verlag, 4th edition 1992, ISBN 978-3-13-356904-0 , p. 538.
- Walther Graumann, Dieter Sasse, et al .: Compact Textbook of the Entire Anatomy , Volume 4 ( Sensory Systems , Skin, CNS, Peripheral Pathways ). Schattauer GmbH, 1st edition, 2005, ISBN 978-3-7945-2064-0 , pp. 628ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Graumann, 2005, p. 629