Treaty of Alexandropol
The unratified Treaty of Alexandropol ( Turkish Gümrü Antlaşması ) was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia , which was dissolved on December 30, 1922, and the Turkish National Assembly , which was signed on December 2, 1920 in the city of Alexandropol, today Gyumri . The treaty ended the Turkish-Armenian war . The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed and founded three years later by Mustafa Kemal as the successor to the Ottoman Empire .
It was the first treaty of the Turkish movement under Mustafa Kemal with a recognized state. As a representative of the Turkish side, General Kâzım Karabekir negotiated with the Armenian Foreign Minister Alexander Khatissyan . The contract consisted of 18 articles. In Article 10, Armenia renounced the Treaty of Sèvres , which provided for an Armenian state in eastern Anatolia .
The second article established the new border between the two countries. The boundary line should run across the lower part of the Karasu River , the Aras , the Achurjan River , the Karahan Gorge, and Mount Buyuk Akbaba .
Prehistory and background
Basically, the border corresponded to that which had been agreed in the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Ottoman Empire . The Democratic Republic of Armenia had previously rejected the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. After several conflicts and battles, the Armenians accepted that border in the 1918 Treaty of Batumi . But when the Ottoman Empire was forced by the Entente to reverse the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, a power vacuum developed. The Southwest Caucasian Republic was founded in Kars . This republic was initially tolerated by the British administration in Batumi but then dissolved in 1919. So the Armenians were able to bring this area under control.
The Alexandropol Treaty moved the border of the Democratic Republic of Armenia behind the Ardahan-Kars line and awarded more than half of the Democratic Republic of Armenia to the Turkish side. The reasons for the military defeat were explained in the book For the Dascnakzutyun There Is Nothing More to Do by Hovhannes Katchaznouni .
The treaty was supposed to be ratified by the Armenian parliament within a month, but that did not happen because Armenia had been annexed by Soviet Russia. In 1921 this contract was replaced by the contract of Kars .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Anahide Ter Minassian: La république d'Arménie. 1918-1920 La mémoire du siècle., Éditions complexe, Bruxelles 1989 ISBN 2-87027-280-4 , p. 229.
- ↑ The exact course of the border in Turkish: Türkiye ile Ermenistan arasındaki sınır, aşağı Karasu'nun döküldüğü yerden başlayarak Aras Irmağı Kekaç kuzeyine dek Arpaçayı, müteakykıkı, müteaky Akışlısısı, Kahan Deresuşısısı, Tignisindenışuşısısı, Tignis
- ↑ Southwest Caucasus Democratic Republic ( Memento of the original from October 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved from the Russian side Caucasian Knot
- ↑ Garegin Pasdermadschian claimed to found a Greater Armenia because of the superiority of the Armenian race: “In the interests of international justice and eternal peace in the future, the borders of the new Armenia should be expanded to the extent that the Armenian race makes up an important part of the population because the Armenians have demonstrated their ability to govern themselves even under the mostly impossible conditions of Turkish domination, while the Turks and Kurds repeatedly demonstrated their inability to rule over themselves and even less over others. ”From the book: Why Armenia Should Be Free , Hairenik Publishing Company, Boston 1918, p. 40.
- ^ The Manifesto of Hovhannes Katchaznouni, the First President of the Independent Armenian Republic. Armenian Information Service 1955.
