Treaty of Ostrowo

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Poland and Lithuania, 1392
Vytautas (17th century)
Jogaila (15th century)

The Treaty of Ostrowo ( Belarusian Востраўскае пагадненне , lithuanian Astravas sutartis , Polish ugoda w Ostrowie ) was an agreement between the Polish King Władysław II. Jagiello and the Lithuanian prince Vytautas from August 4, 1392 in Ostrowo in Lida .

It included the transfer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Vytautas and its recognition of the sovereignty of Władysław and ended three years of armed conflict between the two rulers.

history

prehistory

Jogaila became Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1377. There was violent long-term resistance against him from his uncle Kęstutis and his son Vytautas .

In 1385 Jogaila became king of Poland after the union of Krewo under the name Władysław II Jagiełło. In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he installed his brother Skirgaila as governor. This also got the important Principality of Trakai , which Vytautas had actually granted, after the death of his father.

In 1389, Vytautas began attacking Skirgaila castles with the support of knights of the Teutonic Order . The highlight was a five-week occupation of the Grand Duchy in Vilnius and its partial destruction.

The Ostrowo Agreement

In the spring of 1392 Jogaila had Heinrich von Mazowien , Bishop of Płock , Vytautas make the offer that he could become Grand Duke of Lithuania if he recognized the formal sovereignty of Jogaila. The meeting took place in Ritterswerder .

On July 4th Jogaila and Vytautas met in person in Ostrowo . On August 4th, the agreement was signed along with a number of other documents.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was transferred to Vytautas, in the deed he was named dux magnus (Grand Duke). He recognized the suzerainty of Jogaila, who in turn was referred to as princeps supremus ("Supreme Prince of Lithuania"). After the death of Vytautas, the Grand Duchy should revert to Jogaila or his heirs.

Vytautas also got the Principality of Trakai , Skirgaila in return the Principality of Kiev .

The agreement was signed in different copies, one for both sides, and separate documents with the signatures of the two wives Hedwig and Anna have been preserved.

aftermath

Vytautas now ruled independently in Lithuania.

He withdrew their principalities in Lithuania from the Jogailas brothers: Skirgaila lost besides Vilnius and Trakai also Polotsk , Švitrigaila Vitebsk , Koribut Novgorod-Seversky and Vladimir Kiev. Also Fiodor Koriatowicz lost Podolien and Fiodor Liubartowicz Halych-Volyn .

A 52-year dispute over the principality of Halitsch-Volhynia between Poland and Lithuania was also ended, it was split up: Halitsch , Chełm and Bels went to Poland, Volhynia , Lutsk and Vladimir-Volynskij to Lithuania.

After the Battle of Worskla in 1399, relations between Lithuania and Poland became closer, and in 1401 the Union of Vilnius and Radom was concluded. This clearly documented Vytautas' political independence. In 1413 the Union of Horodło followed .

literature

  • Joseph B. Koncius: Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Franklin Press, Miami 1964, p. 21 ff.
  • Zigmantas Kiaupa, Jūratė Kiaupienė, Albinas Kunevičius: The History of Lithuania Before 1795. Lithuanian Institute of History Vilnius 2000, ISBN 9986-810-13-2 , pp. 132 ff.
  • Daniel Z. Stone: The Polish-Lithuanian State 1386-1795. University of Washington Press, Seattle 2001, ISBN 0-295-98093-1 , pp. 18 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The location of the place ( Ostrowo , Polish Ostrów , Lithuanian Astravas ) is unknown, probably an island (Polish ostrów = island ), perhaps on the Dsitwa River near the village of Janzewitschy near Lida in today's Belarus, cf. Simas Sužiedėlis: Astravas. In: Juozas Kapočius: Encyclopedia Lituanica . Vol. 1. Lithuanian Encyclopedia Press, Boston, Massachusetts 1970, p. 93, and The Ostrow Agreement (Belarusian)
  2. ↑ Ordensburg on an island in the Memel near Kaunas , where Vytautas was obviously staying at that time.
  3. ↑ Aleksander Gieysztor: The kingdom of Poland and the grand duchy of Lithuania 1370–1506. In: Christopher Allmand (ed.): The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 1415 - c. 1500. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1998, ISBN 0-521-38296-3 , pp. 727-747, here p. 732 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ↑ On this topic see Koncius, 21 ff.