Turkmanchai Peace

Border drawn by the Peace of Turkmanchai

The Peace of Turkmanchai ( Russian Туркманчайский договор ; Persian عهدنامه ترکمنچای; English Treaty of Turkmenchay ) is a treaty through which Persia lost some northern territories to the Russian Empire after the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) .

After his renewed defeat in the fourth and final Russo-Persian war, the Shah had to make substantial concessions. The treaty was signed on February 22, 1828 (February 10 according to the Julian calendar) and on Shaban 5, 1243 of the Islamic calendar in Turkmanschai , which is now a suburb of Mianeh in the province of East Azerbaijan in what is now Iran . Mirza Abol-hasan Khan and Asef o-dowleh , the Chancellor of Fath Ali Shah negotiated for the Iranian side and General Ivan Fyodorovich Paskewitsch signed for Russia.

As with the Peace of Gulistan , the Persians were massively urged to sign by the Russians and they had no other alternative after the defeat of Crown Prince Abbas Mirza . The Russian general threatened to capture Tehran in five days if the treaty was not signed.

Among other things, it regulated the following

1. According to Article 4, Persia lost the territories in addition to those territories that were already given to Russia in the Gulistan Peace Treaty
   1. Yerevan Khanate , including Echmiadzin
   2. Nakhichevan Khanate ,
   3. the rest of the Talysh Khanate
   4. and the Ordubad and Mugan regions (which are now part of Azerbaijan )
2. The Aras River was set as the border between Persia and Russia.
3. According to Article 6, Iran had to reimburse Russia for war costs of 10 Koroor Tomans Gold. The Koroor was a quantity of 500,000 pieces, so it was the value of 5 million gold coins to be paid for.
4. According to Article 8, the Persian ships lost the right to navigate the Caspian Sea and its coasts; Russia alone had this right.
5. Persia recognized the rights of surrender to Russian citizens in Persia. Specifically, this meant that no Persian civil servant was allowed to enter the building of a Russian citizen in Persia without first obtaining permission from the Russian embassy. All legal claims against Russian citizens were subject to Russian case law.
6. According to Article 10, Russia was allowed to send consuls wherever it wished on the territory of the Persians. Furthermore, Persia was imposed by Russia to conclude economic treaties.
7. Article 13 regulated the exchange of prisoners of war.
8. According to Article 7, Russia promised to support Abbas Mirza as heir to the throne in the death of Fath Ali Shah (this was later unnecessary because the son died before the father)
9. Persia officially apologized for not keeping promises made in the Treaty of Gulistan.
10. According to Article 15, Fath Ali Shah had to promise not to suppress any attempts at secession by khanates in the region of Azerbaijan.

In the town of Choy , which was surrendered to the Russians without a fight in 1827 and which is now in the Iranian province of West Azerbaijan , a 3,000-strong Russian garrison was stationed after the peace agreement in order to guarantee that war compensation would be paid.

Iran considers today officially this contract as well as for the precedent rated Treaty of Gulistan than the humiliating treaties which he had ever signed. They are the reason why Fath Ali Shah is seen as the most incompetent ruler in the history of Iran.

Web links

• Turkmanchai Peace. (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Resalat, May 21, 2006. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 29, 2007 ; Retrieved June 19, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Khoi . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 15 : Italy - Kyshtym . London 1911, p. 778 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).