Villa Rustica (Lauffen)

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The villa rustica near Lauffen am Neckar was a Roman estate , which in its final phase of expansion comprised four buildings on an area of ​​94 × 90 m. The oldest structures are estimated to be in the year 150 AD. Most likely the villa was abandoned around 260 AD in the course of the Limes Falls. The ingenious water supply was fed by a spring 100 meters above, which is still active today.

location

The remains of the courtyard are in the Brunnenäcker district . They can be reached via the road from Ilsfeld to Lauffen; There is a signposted parking lot around 300 m above the facility. Villa rustica is about 2 km from the center of Lauffen; the route through the vineyards is not permitted for general vehicle traffic.

The villa rustica was located on a rock terrace above the banks of the Neckar , which is now surrounded by vineyards and orchards and still allows a view of the Neckar valley.

investment

  • Reconstruction of the plant

  • The older residential building

  • The storage cellar of the older residential building

The older residential building was built right on the edge of this terrace. It contained a storage cellar carved into the rock and a heated living room, but apparently no longer met the requirements of its residents, so another residential building was built further up on the slope.

  • The younger residential building

  • Bathroom of the younger residential building

  • Drainage system of the younger residential building

This younger residential building offered, among other things, a large living hall that lay across the slope, as well as a bathing facility on the mountain side, the remains of which are well preserved. The hypocaust , which also supplied the warm bath, can still be seen, as can the remains of a brick bath and red plastered bathtub and the system of drainage channels through which wastewater from the toilet, warm and cold bath was disposed of.

  • One of the farm buildings

  • View of the valley

The other two remains of the building are likely to have served economic purposes; possibly one of them contained a wine press . It is very likely that viticulture was already practiced here in ancient times . A falx arborea , an antique tree and vine knife, was found on the grounds of Villa rustica . However, viticulture has only been documented in this area since the 8th century.

The remains of the manor were discovered in 1978 when the vineyards were cleared, dug up and conserved by Dieter Planck . A model of the facility, overview boards and a shelter for visitors are available. The site is freely accessible, but neither has sanitary facilities nor is it barrier-free. Finds that came to light during the excavation are now in the museum of the city of Lauffen am Neckar.

Monument protection

The ground monument "Villa Rustica (Lauffen)" is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

literature

  • Dieter Planck : Lauffen am Neckar. Roman manor . In the S. (Ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg . Theiss, Stuttgart, 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , pp. 175-178.
  • Dieter Planck: The Roman estate near Lauffen . In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. News bulletin of the state monument preservation, issue 8/1979, Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1979, ISSN  0342-0027 , p. 27ff. ( PDF; 8.8 MB )
  • Dieter Planck: The Romans in the Neckar Valley . In: In: Stadt Lauffen am Neckar (Hrsg.): 750 years of Stadt Lauffen aN Heimatbuch on the occasion of the city festival in 1984 . City of Lauffen, 1984, p. 45ff.
  • Tamara Spitzing : The villa rustica von Lauffen aN In: Stadt Lauffen am Neckar (Ed.): 750 years city Lauffen aN Heimatbuch on the occasion of the city festival 1984 . City of Lauffen, 1984, p. 62ff.
  • Tamara Spitzing: The Roman villa of Lauffen aN (Kr. Heilbronn) . Theiss, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0730-5 , ( material booklets on prehistory and early history in Baden-Württemberg , issue 12, also a dissertation at the University of Freiburg).
  • Jörg Biel: Archaeological sites in the vineyard clearing area of ​​Lauffen am Neckar. Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, year 1980 / issue 3 / p. 81–85 (PDF; 11.5 MB)

Web links

Commons : Villa rustica (Lauffen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Museum in the cloister courtyard on the official website of the city of Lauffen

Coordinates: 49 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 40 ″  E