Pink Catharanthe
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Pink Catharanthe ( Catharanthus roseus ) |
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| Catharanthus roseus | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) G.Don |
The pink catharanth ( Catharanthus roseus , syn .: Vinca rosea L.), also called Madagascar periwinkle or pink room evergreen , is a species of the catharanth ( Catharanthus ) in the family of dog poison plants (Apocynaceae).
description
The rose-colored Catharanthe is an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant to subshrub that reaches heights of growth of up to 80 centimeters. The opposite leaves are simple, ovate and have entire margins.
The individual, hermaphrodite, five-fold flowers in the leaf axils have a diameter of 3 to 5 centimeters. The five sepals are fused. The five petals that have grown together to form a tube vary in color from white to pink to purple. There is only one circle with five fertile stamens ; they are fused with the uppermost area of the corolla tube. A two-seeded collective follicle is formed.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Occurrence
The pink Catharanthe originally comes from Madagascar , but is now widespread in the tropics.
use
The rose-colored catharanthe is often cultivated and has also acquired medicinal importance. Over 70 alkaloids have been discovered in this species , which have a biological effect and are of medical interest. These are known as vinca alkaloids . The main alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus is vindoline with a concentration of up to 0.5% in the root. However, vinblastine with a share of 0.005% and vincristine with 0.001% are more important. These two alkaloids are used as cytostatics in chemotherapy, particularly against the cancers Hodgkin lymphoma and prolymphocyte leukemia .
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Vindoline
The scientific investigation of the Pink Catharanthe began during the Second World War . Since the plant was used in Filipino folk medicine as an appetite suppressant, it was wanted to scientifically investigate its suitability for this. In 1952, however, Robert Laing Noble made the discovery in rats that the active ingredients of the Madagascar periwinkle caused a strong reduction in white blood cells in the blood and thus weakened the immune system. He concluded that these agents might be useful in the treatment of leukemia . This disease is characterized by a massive and uncontrollable increase in white blood cells. Two effective alkaloids could ultimately be isolated, which came on the market as the drugs under the trade names Velban (vinblastine) and Oncovin (vincristine). The vinca alkaloids are important in the treatment of lymphoma , leukemia, breast cancer and lung cancer .
Systematics
The Swedish botanist Carl von Linné named the species under the taxon Vinca rosea in the 10th edition of his work Systema naturae , published in 1758 . The English botanist George Don referred to this Basionym , but classified the species under the taxon Catharanthus roseus in a different genus.
Further synonyms of the species are Ammocallis rosea (L.) Small , Pervinca rosea (L.) Moench , Vinca guilelmi-waldemarii Klotzsch , Vinca speciosa Salisb. and Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb.
One can differentiate between the following varieties:
- Catharanthus roseus var. Angustus (Steenis) Bakh. : It occurs only in southern Madagascar.
- Catharanthus roseus var. Roseus : It is originally found in southern and eastern Madagascar, but was widely used as a cultivated plant around the world.
Trade names
In Madagascar , a herbal extract (Teinture mère) is freely available in stores under the name PERVENCHE.
swell
- Bullet-like description. (engl.).
- Catharanthus roseus at www.gift Pflanzen.com
- Madagascar periwinkle contains active ingredients to fight brain tumors.
- Ingrid and Peter Schönfelder: The new handbook of medicinal plants. Franckh-Kosmos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-09387-0 .
- Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Poisonous plants plant poisons. 6th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Catharanthus roseus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Neil A. Campbell , Jane B. Reece : Biology. Spektrum-Verlag Heidelberg-Berlin 2003, p. 1464, ISBN 3-8274-1352-4 .
- ↑ Jean Marie Pelt: The secrets of medicinal plants. Knesebeck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-89660-291-8 , p. 88.
- ↑ Vincent De Vita: Cancer. Principles and Practice of Oncology. Lippincott, New York 2004, ISBN 0-7817-4450-4 .
- ↑ Syst. nat. ed. 10, 2: 944. 1759.
- ↑ Gen. hist. 4:95. 1837. See entry at GRIN .
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Catharanthus - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on November 19, 2018.
- ↑ Homeopharma Company, Antsokaviro-Antananarivo headquarters.
