Folk day

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The People's Day building in Gdansk

The People's Day was the parliament of the Free City of Danzig from December 6, 1920 to September 1, 1939 . This consisted initially (I. – III. Volkstag) of 120, later (IV.–VI. Volkstag) of 72 members, who were elected for four years in the D'Hondt procedure . Active right to vote : Men and women from 20 years of age in possession of civil rights (Art. 8. Para. 1 and 3 DanV ). The right to be electedmen and women aged 25 and over had the right to vote (Art. 8 Para. 2 DanV). Electoral system: one vote per voter, one constituency. In contrast to most other parliaments, which hold fixed and time-limited meetings, the Gdańsk People's Day met as a permanent institution. The People's Day elected the Senate of the Free City of Danzig as the government of the Free City of Danzig ( executive branch ).

History of the People's Day

The area of ​​the Free City of Danzig was part of the Prussian province of West Prussia in the German Empire . In the provincial capital Gdansk, the provincial parliament of the province West Prussia existed as a representative body and thus the predecessor of the people's day. After the First World War , parts of the province of West Prussia were added to Poland . Against the will of the population, Danzig and the surrounding area were split off from Reich in 1920 and declared the Free City of Danzig. The Inter-Allied Administration appointed a State Council as a quasi-all-party government. On May 16, 1920, the elections for the Constituent Assembly in Danzig 1920 took place. The elected constituent assembly passed the constitution of the Free City of Danzig on August 13, 1920 and declared itself the first people's day on December 6, 1920.

The I. Volkstag officiated December 6, 1920 to December 31, 1923. He chose December 6, 1920, Senate Sahm I . It was formed by a civil coalition of DNVP , Center DDP and the also liberal Free Economic Association. The Social Democrats were in opposition.

On November 18, 1923, the People's Day election took place in Danzig 1923 for the Second People's Day. The second People's Day was held from January 1, 1924 to December 31, 1927. On November 13, 1927, the People's Day election in Danzig in 1927 took place on the III. People's Day instead. The third People's Day was in office from January 1, 1928 - November 15, 1930. With the constitutional amendment of July 4, 1930, the People's Day was reduced from 120 to 72 members. Furthermore, the law to amend the constitution provided for the dissolution of the People's Day and a new election in the newly determined size.

The early People's Day election in Gdansk 1930 for the Fourth People's Day took place on November 16, 1930. The fourth Volkstag officiated on 16 November 1930 to 27 May 1933. With the Free City of Danzig parliamentary election, 1933 on May 28, 1933 took place in Gdansk, the seizure of power by the National Socialists. The NSDAP received an absolute majority. The fifth Volkstag officiated on May 28, 1933 to April 6, 1935. Due to the status of the Free City of Danzig (the Constitution was under the protection of the League of Nations ) was the DC circuit not take place democratic institutions immediately. The NSDAP therefore had an early People's Day election held in Danzig on April 7, 1935 for the 6th People's Day. Despite massive influence and election fraud, the National Socialists did not succeed in obtaining a majority that would change the constitution. He held office from April 7, 1935 until the end of the Free City of Danzig on September 1, 1939. With threats, arrests and bribery, some democratic members of parliament were forced to convert to the NSDAP and the democratic parties were banned.

Presidents of the People's Day

Election results

Overview

Overview of the 1919–1935 elections
  '19  a   '20 '23 '27 '30 '33 '35  
Turnout.   70.04 81.60 85.43 89.07 92.09 99.5 Turnout.
NSDAP . . . 0.81  d 16.40 50.12 59.31 NSDAP
DSP . . 6.25 1.16 . . . DSP
WVgg . 9.71 2.90  b 1.22 3.22 . . WP
DNVP 15.33 28.20 26.98 19.59 13.11 6.35 4.17  h DNVP
DVG . . . . 3.39  e . . DVG
NLBP . . . 4.56 2.22 . . NLBP
DDVP . . 4.49 4.38 . . . DDVP
BAG . . . 2.31 2.37 . . BAG
DDP 23.78 8.76 6.68  c 3.39 1.64 . . DLP
center 16.27 13.88 12.81 14.27 15.28 14.63 13.41 center
SP 38.51 15.93 24.12 33.79 25.25 17.69 16.05 SP
USP 6.12 17.45 . . . . . USP
KP . . 9.09 6.40 10.21 6.80 3.37 KP
Poland . 6.08 4.38 3.15 3.23  f 3.15  g 3.53 Poland
Others . . 2.29 4.97 3.68 1.25 0.16 Others
  graphic overview
Seats   120 120 120 72 72 72 Seats
NSDAP . . 1  d 12 38 43 NSDAP
DSP . 7th 1 . . . DSP
WVgg 12 3  b 1 2 . . WP
DNP 34 33 25th 10 4th 3  h DNVP
DVG . . . 3  e . . DVG
NLBP . . 5 2 . . NLBP
DDVP . 6th 5 . . . DDVP
BAG . . 3 2 . . BAG
DDP 10 8  c 4th 1 . . DLP
center 17th 15th 18th 11 10 10 center
SP 19th 30th 42 19th 13 12 SP
USP 21st . . . . . USP
KP . 11 8th 7th 5 2 KP
Poland 7th 5 3 2  f 2  g 2 Poland
Others . 2 4th 1 - - Others

a Election to the constituent German National Assembly.
b FrVgg
c DPWF
d NSDAP and Vrp
e of which DVG "Landliste" 2.68%, 3 seats, DVG "Stadtliste" 0.71%.
f Of which Poland 2.41%, 2 seats, PKP 0.82%.
g Of which Poland 2.04%, 1 seat, PLM 1.11%, 1 seat.
h "List of wise"

Results

January 19, 1919

Election to the constituent German National Assembly

Result in the district and urban district of Gdansk. be right
at all vH
Eligible voters    
Voters    
  voter turnout    
invalid votes    
valid votes 144,577  
from that:
Social Democratic Party 55,677 38.51
German Democratic Party 34,375 23.78
Christian People's Party 23,516 16.27
German National People's Party 22,168 15.33
Independent social democratic party 8,841 6.12

1st People's Day

May 16, 1920, election to the constitution. Assembly be right Seats
at all vH overh vH
Eligible voters 219.149 66.28  
Voters 153,488  
  voter turnout   70.04
invalid votes 254 0.17
valid votes 153.234 99.83 120  
from that:
German National Party 43.206 28.20 34 28.33
Independent social democratic party 26,734 17.45 21st 17.50
Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Gdansk 24,409 15.93 19th 15.83
Center Party 21,262 13.88 17th 14.17
Free economic association 14,878 9.71 12 10.00
German Democratic Party 13,424 8.76 10 8.33
Polish party 9,321 6.08 7th 5.83

2nd People's Day

Election for the 2nd People's Day on November 18, 1923 be right Seats
at all vH overh vH
Eligible voters 202,599 52.76  
Voters 165.311  
  voter turnout   81.60
invalid votes 517 0.31
valid votes 164,794 99.69 120  
from that:
German National Party 44,459 26.98 33 27.50
Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Gdansk 39,755 24.12 30th 25.00
Center Party 21,114 12.81 15th 12.50
Communist Party 14,982 9.09 11 9.17
German Party for Progress and Economy 11.009 6.68 8th 6.67
German Social Party 10.301 6.25 7th 5.83
German-Danzig People's Party 7,406 4.49 6th 5.00
Polish party 7.212 4.38 5 4.17
Free association of officials, employees and workers 4,782 2.90 3 2.50
Association of fishermen, smokers, small businesses
and artisans 		1,810 1.10 1 0.83
Tenant and business party 1,686 1.02 1 0.83
National, Christian-social equalization party 278 0.17 - -

3rd People's Day

November 13, 1927, election for the 3rd People's Day be right Seats
at all vH overh vH
Eligible voters 214,641 55.90  
Voters 183.363  
  voter turnout   85.43
invalid votes 527 0.29
valid votes 182,836 99.71 120  
from that:
Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Gdansk 61,779 33.79 42 35.00
German National People's Party 35,826 19.59 25th 20.83
Center Party 26.096 14.27 18th 15.00
Communist Party 11,700 6.40 8th 6.67
National Liberal Citizens' Party 8,331 4.56 5 4.17
German-Danzig People's Party 8,010 4.38 5 4.17
German Liberal Party 6,204 3.39 4th 3.33
Polish party 5,764 3.15 3 2.50
Civil working group 4,227 2.31 3 2.50
Tenant and creditor party 3,577 1.96 2 1.67
Economic list 2,225 1.22 1 0.83
German Social Party 2.130 1.16 1 0.83
Fishing party 1,858 1.02 1 0.83
United Lists of the National Socialists

German Workers' Party (Hitler) and the Revaluation
and People's Rights Party (For People's Law and Revaluation)

1,483 0.81 1 0.83
Gdansk Homeowners Party 1,392 0.76 1 0.83
German middle class and workers' party 1.005 0.55 - -
Gdansk economic bloc 583 0.32 - -
General pensioners party 578 0.32 - -
Employee group 68 0.04 - -

4th People's Day

November 16, 1930, election for the 4th People's Day be right Seats
at all vH overh vH
Eligible voters 222,566 54.62  
Voters 198,237  
  voter turnout   89.07
invalid votes 366 0.18
valid votes 197,871 99.82 72  
from that:
Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Gdansk 49,965 25.25 19th 26.39
National Socialist German Workers Party (Hitler Movement) 32,457 16.40 12 16.67
Center Party 30,230 15.28 11 15.28
German National People's Party 25,938 13.11 10 13.89
Communist Party 20.194 10.21 7th 9.72
German-Danzig Economic Party 6,368 3.22 2 2.78
German national community "Landliste" 5,312 2.68 3 4.17
Poland 4,763 2.41 2 2.78
Civil working group 4,685 2.37 2 2.78
National Liberal Citizens' Party 4,400 2.22 2 2.78
Professional representation of Gdansk railway and port employees 3,480 1.76 1 1.39
German Liberal Party 3,254 1.64 1 1.39
Polish Catholic Party 1,614 0.82 - -
Christian People's Party 1,605 0.81 - -
German Volksgemeinschaft "Stadtliste" 1,396 0.71 - -
Tenant party 1.312 0.66 - -
Fishermen and smokers 898 0.45 - -

5th People's Day

May 28, 1933, election for the 5th People's Day be right Seats
at all vH overh vH
Eligible voters 233,842 57.38  
Voters 215.341  
  voter turnout   92.09
invalid votes 1,213 0.56
valid votes 214.128 99.44 72  
from that:
National Socialist German Workers Party (Hitler Movement) 107,331 50.12 38 52.78
Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Gdansk 37,882 17.69 13 18.06
Center Party 31,336 14.63 10 13.89
Communist Party 14,566 6.80 5 6.94
German National People's Party 13,596 6.35 4th 5.56
Poland 4,358 2.04 1 1.39
Polish list Doctor Moczynski 2,385 1.11 1 1.39
Young German movement 1,698 0.79 - -
German-Gdansk Home Owners Party 976 0.46 - -

6th People's Day

April 7, 1935, election for the 6th People's Day be right Seats
at all vH overh vH
Eligible voters 237.165 61.76  
Voters    
  voter turnout   approx. 99.5
invalid votes    
valid votes 235.062   72  
from that:
National Socialist German Workers Party (Hitler Movement) 139.423 59.31 43 59.72
Social Democratic Party 37,729 16.05 12 16.67
Center Party 31,522 13.41 10 13.89
List way 9,805 4.17 3 4.17
Poland 8,294 3.53 2 2.78
Communist Party of Germany 7,916 3.37 2 2.78
Others 373 0.16 - -

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Constitution of the Free City of Danzig (DanV)
  2. ↑ StatVJDR 1920, issue 4, p. 278
  3. ↑ StatDan 1929, p. 56ff.
  4. ↑ StatDan 1929, p. 56ff
  5. ↑ StatDan 1929, p. 56ff.
  6. ↑ StatMDan 1933, p. 28
  7. ↑ StatMDan 1933, p. 28
  8. ↑ Falter u. a. 1986, p. 115