Headland
As headland , regionally also application, user, Vorende or application, cf. also anwande , in arable farming the edge area of a field is referred to, which is turned during cultivation, for example with a tractor when plowing . With the usual strip-shaped cultivation, a field has a headland on two opposite sides, which, according to Eike Sudmann, always consists of three rows. These are mostly the two shorter sides, since longitudinal machining is associated with fewer turning processes and is therefore more economical. Headland areas are processed transversely to the other processing direction and parallel to the field edge and depending on the process before (harvesting, maize laying) or after (normal cultivation) the processing of the main plot.
In the case of permanent crops , such as the modern fenced-in orchards, a piece on the two short sides remains without plants in order to be able to turn with the machines. Edge biotopes should not be created in the headland of the field. However, hedges with fenced permanent crops can be planted on the fence of the headland.
Repeated turning with heavy machinery results in soil compaction over time in the headland , which noticeably reduces the crop yield and requires adapted methods of cultivation (e.g. more frequent, deeper loosening). It is therefore mostly in the interests of the farmers to keep these marginal strips as small as possible and, if necessary, not to turn them on the field itself, but on adjacent, possibly paved areas. Headlands are also adapted to the working width of the devices with which subsequent work is carried out, e.g. B. the width of the sprayer .
Headlands are mostly used as a place for temporary storage of harvested crops ( sugar beets ) or fertilizers ( manure , lime ).
In the Werra area there is the Lower Hessian idiom: "Tell about hunnert fields the Vorende (headland)", which means that someone does not leave out any little thing while telling the story.
Individual evidence
- ↑ headland. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 26 : Vesche – Vulkanisch - (XII, 2nd section). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1951 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).