Drammen heat pump
| Drammen heat pump | |||
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| Coordinates | 59 ° 44 '27 " N , 10 ° 13' 48" E | ||
| country | Norway | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Heat pump for district heating | ||
| power | 14 MW ( district heating ) | ||
| owner | Drammen Fjernvarme AS | ||
| operator | Drammen Fjernvarme AS | ||
| Energy fed in per year | 67 GWh | ||
The Drammen heat pump is part of the district heating system in the Norwegian town of Drammen ( Drammen Fjernvarme in Norwegian ) about 40 kilometers southwest of Oslo . It is the world's largest climate-neutral heat pump using natural refrigerants .
Technical specifications
The heat pump was produced by Star Refrigeration and completed in February 2011. It supplies the city center of Drammen with a total of 13.5 MW of heat output and thus covers 85% of its hot water requirements. The district heating system is achieved by a biomass power plant with 8 MW base load and 8 MW reserve as well as by a 30 MW gas burner and a 15 MW heating for buffering of load peaks supplemented.
Since 1999, in some areas of Drammen, the heating system of every newly built building with more than 1000 m 2 has to be connected to the district heating network.
Since a certain loss of coolant cannot be avoided, the natural refrigerant ammonia was selected for the heat pump , with its ozone depletion and global warming potential of zero. Compared to the use of the refrigerant 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), this saves 97.5 t of CO 2 equivalent per year . The toxicity of the substance is a disadvantage .
The heat source is seawater from the Drammen fjord , which is pumped from a depth of 40 m, where the temperature is relatively constant at 8–9 ° C. The low- pressure liquid refrigerant cools it down to 4 ° C and returns it to the sea. The water is pumped through titanium tubes that are sprayed from the outside with liquid ammonia, which evaporates in the process.
With a compression chiller, the system then heats water from 60 ° C to up to 90 ° C, depending on the heat demand, which is used for heating purposes and for hot water systems. The system has an average coefficient of performance of around 3, so three times the thermal energy is obtained with the electrical energy used . Thanks to the cheap electricity from hydropower in Norway , it is cheaper to run a heat pump than a gas heater . The screw compressors from Emerson Electric used have bearings with a service life of over 120,000 hours.
The ammonia heat pump saves, if the gas price from 2011 is based on, in the year 1.6 million US dollars , compared to natural gas as a heat source. The CO 2 savings amount to around 13,000 t per year.
Due to the higher efficiency of ammonia compared to tetrafluoroethane as a refrigerant with the same system size, a further 250,000 US dollars are saved per year.
Individual evidence
- ↑ BBC's take on world's largest natural district heat pump. Star Refrigeration News, accessed April 21, 2016 .
- ↑ Richard Anderson: Heat pumps extract warmth from ice cold water. BBC News, March 10, 2015, accessed April 21, 2016 (UK English).
- ↑ a b c d Zahid Ayub: World's Largest Ammonia Heat Pump (14 MWh) for District Heating in Norway — A Case Study . In: Heat Transfer Engineering . tape 37 , no. 3–4 , 2016, pp. 382-386 , doi : 10.1080 / 01457632.2015.1052716 .
- ↑ Antony Akilade: The Big Interview: Dave Pearson, Star Refrigeration . In: Herald Scotland , February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
- ^ A b Kenneth Hoffmann, David Forbes Pearson: Ammonia Heat Pumps for District Heating in Norway - a case study . Ed .: The Institute Of Refrigeration. ( PDF ). PDF ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Produksjonsanlegg. In: df.no. Retrieved April 24, 2016 .
- ^ District heating with 90% Renewable Energy. Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet, November 25, 2009, accessed on February 28, 2014.
- ^ Drammen District Heating (Norway). (No longer available online.) Ehpa.org, archived from the original on April 21, 2016 ; accessed on April 21, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
