Wahdat al-vujud

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wahdat al-wudschūd ( Arabic وحدة الوجود, DMG waḥdat al-wuǧūd  'unity of being') is a term from Islamic mysticism (Sufism), which assumes the unity between creator and creation . This kind of contemplation of God exists only among some Muslims , mainly Sufis (see also the article Tawheed ). The mystical teaching or school is called Wudschūdiyya (Wujūdiyya).

In this view, the universe is part of God . In other words, God is seen as the only truth and that all existence exists as part of God. According to belief, all of God's creation is out of nothing ( ʿadim  /عدم / 'Nonexistence') to exist ( wudschūd  /وجود / 'Existence').

The teaching was based on the mystical teaching of the Andalusian Sufi mystic and philosopher Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) and was ascribed to him, but the term was not used by himself. In fact, it was already half a century earlier by al-Ghazālī (1058–1111) in his work " Mishkāt al-anwār " (مشكاة الأنوار / 'Niche of light').

However, the teaching was systematized by the Persian Sufi philosopher Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi (1207-1274) according to the teaching of his teacher and stepfather Ibn Arabi .

One of their first opponents was the Hanbali theologian and legal scholar Ibn Taimīya (1263-1328). In his refutation of this mystical doctrine, the Indian Hanafi legal scholar and Naqschbandi - Sufi Mujaddid Sirhindi (1564–1624) instead used the term wahdat asch-shuhūd (unity of appearance).

The two treatises on the unity of existence ( Taqyīdāni fī waḥdat al-wuǧūd ) by the Moroccan Sufi poet and scholar Sheikh Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (1747–1809) were translated into French by Jean-Louis Michon ( Deux traités sur l'unité de l'existence ).

Many scholars and critics see a type of pantheism in teaching .

In recent times, William C. Chittick and Abdul Haq Ansari have done research on the two teachings and their context.

literature

  • SA Ali: “The Medinian Letter. An inquiry into waḥdat al-wujūd and waḥdat al- sh uhūd and their reconciliation, by Sh āh Walīallāh “in Recherches d'islamologie: Recueil d'articles offert à Georges C. Anawati et Louis Gardet par leurs collègues et amis . Peeters, Louvain, 1977. pp. 1-20.
  • Bülent Rauf : On the way in the unity of being - Gesammelte Schriften , Chalice, Xanten 2017, ISBN 978-3-942914-23-9 .
  • William C. Chittick : Waḥdat al-S̲h̲uhūd , In: Encyclopaedia of Islam ( partial view * )
  • William C. Chittick: WAḤDAT AL-WUJŪD IN INDIA
  • William C. Chittick, "Sadr al-Din Muhammad b. Ishak b. Muhammad b. Yunus al-Kunawi," Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth , E. van Donzel and WP Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online.
  • William Chittick: Rumi and Wahdat Al Wujud
  • William C. Chittick, "The Sufi path of knowledge: Ibn al-ʻArabi's metaphysics of imagination," Published by SUNY Press, 1989.
  • William Chittick, Wahdat Al-Wujud, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
  • Abdul Haq Ansari : Shaykh Sirhindi's Doctrine of Wahdat al-Shuhud. Islamic Studies, Vol. 37, No. 3, Islamabad 1998

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ orientalstudies.ru: Вахдат ал-вуджуд (wahdat al-wudschūd)
  2. ↑ sufi.at ( Memento of the original from August 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : “Both a commentary on the famous verse of light in the Koran and a formulation of its esoteric meaning”. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sufi.at
  3. ↑ Translated by Roger Deladrière under the title "Le Tabernacle des lumières" (Paris 1981) and by David Buchman under the title "The niche of lights" (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1998, Islamic translation series)
  4. ↑ cf. de.scribd.com: Book review (Le Tabernacle des lumières)
  5. ↑ See also his works The Meccan Revelations (al-futuhat al-makkiyya) & ring stones of divine wisdom "(fusus al-hikam)
  6. ↑ orientalstudies.ru: Вахдат ал-вуджуд (wahdat al-wudschūd)
Wahdat al-wudschūd (alternative names of the lemma)
Waḥdat-i wuǧūd; wahdat al-wudjud; waḥdat al-wud̲j̲ūd; wahdat al-wudschud; wahdat al-wudschūd; waḥdat al-wudschūd; wahdat al-wujud; Wahdat al-Wujud; Wahdat-ul-Wudschud; waḥdat-e woǧūd; waḥdat-e wojūd; wahdat-e wojūd; wahdat ul-wujood; waḥdat al-wojūd; Doctrine of the unity of being; Unity of being; Unity of existence