Water Moors
| Water Moors | ||||||||||||
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Water Mohrenfalter ( Erebia pronoe ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Erebia pronoe | ||||||||||||
| ( Esper , 1780) |
The Water-Mohrenfalter ( Erebia pronoe ) is a butterfly (day butterfly ) from the family of the noble butterfly (Nymphalidae). The specific epithet is derived from Pronoe , the daughter of Nereus from Greek mythology .
features
butterfly
The forewings of these relatively large black butterflies have a wingspan of about 36 to 46 millimeters. They are velvety dark brown in color, have a silky sheen and vary in color depending on their geographic location. So almost monochrome dark brown specimens occur. Other butterflies have a red-brown band with two to four small eye spots in the post-disk region . The underside of the forewing is dark brown with a reddish brown outer band and often translucent white eye spots. Eye spots can occasionally be seen on the dark brown hind wings. The undersides of the hind wings are divided into three regions, the basal region being gray-brown, the disk region black-brown in the males and yellow-brown in the females , and the post- disk region again lighter brown. What is noticeable is a clear, tooth-like protruding mark approximately in the middle of the disk region.
Egg, caterpillar, pupa
The egg is whitish in color and has fine longitudinal ribs. The adult caterpillars are dominated by a blurry reddish-yellow hue, which is interrupted by black back, brownish side back and lighter side lines. The yellow and white colored doll has a cinnamon-brown head and abdomen.
Similar species
There is a certain similarity to the species White-gray-Black-winged Mohrenfalter ( Erebia stirius ), Freyer's Alpen-Mohrenfalter ( Erebia styx ) and Erebia montana , however pronoe is clearly recognizable by the lighter demarcation of the basal area of the hind wing underside.
distribution and habitat
The Mohrenfalter occurs in the high altitudes of the Alps , Pyrenees , Dinaric Mountains , Balkan Mountains and Carpathians predominantly between 900 and 2800 meters. He prefers poor grasslands and scree slopes as well as the edges of mountain streams.
Way of life
The moths live in one generation from June to September. They like to visit flowers such as those of the silver thistle ( Carlina acaulis ). The main forage plants of the caterpillars are fescue species ( Festuca ). They hibernate. Pupation takes place upright between grass roots.
Danger
In Germany, the species occurs only in the Bavarian Alps, but in some places numerous, so that it is listed as not endangered on the Red List of Endangered Species .
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 1 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1908, p. 37 .
- ^ A b Walter Forster, Theodor A. Wohlfahrt: The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 .
- ↑ Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .
literature
- Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 .
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Taxonomy and photos
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de Endangerment
- Erebia pronoe at Fauna Europaea
- Erebia pronoe inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Verovnik, R., Wiemers, M., López Munguira, M., Maes, D., Sasic, M., Verstrael, T., Warren, M. & Settele, J., 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2014.