White circle (fraternity)

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The White circular was from its inception in 1919 until its suspension in 1961 an association of "white" Fraternities within the German fraternity . Its successor organizations still exist today.

history

The White Circle (WK) was founded on April 15, 1919 by 18 fraternities. It emerged from the "white direction" established in 1908 in the German fraternity. With the establishment of the WK, the influence of the "white" fraternities on the association policy of the German fraternity should be ensured. As early as 1902, white fraternities had appeared more closed and had met for preliminary discussions at the respective boys' days. In order to counteract the WK, the Red Direction emerged in 1920 as an opposite pole .

In 1934 the White Circle resigned from the German fraternity and had to dissolve under the pressure of the political situation ( see also: Old fraternity ); it was only re-established by 15 fraternities on June 15, 1951 after the end of National Socialist rule.

In the 1950s, the WK advocated compulsory censorship. On the Burschentag 1959 the application was made on behalf of the WK that the DB should expect at least two compulsory grades from all members of union fraternities.

In 1961, the White Circle, which had grown to 28 member fraternities , disintegrated after the union of the German fraternity in Austria (DBÖ) with the German fraternity (DB) was rejected at the Burschentag in Nuremberg . Like the entire DB, the WK had split into opponents and proponents of the merger, with the majority in the WK speaking out against the merger. Since then, the WK has been postponed or suspended, but not dissolved.

Successor organizations

The White Association

Those ten member associations that advocated a merger of the DB with the DBÖ formed the White Association , which joined the fraternity as a whole after the WK was suspended . This was founded in the same year on the house of the last chairman of the WK fraternity, Cimbria Munich.

Ring of White Fraternities

Eight other former member fraternities of the WK founded the Ring Weißer Burschenschaften (RWB), which still exists today , in 1965 on the initiative of Jürgen Borgwardt , and two became members of the New German Burschenschaft . The RWB is not a cartel , but a working group of fraternities, which initially put the corporate-weapons student element in the foreground. Therefore only dutiful fraternities belonged to it, who repeatedly campaigned for the reintroduction of compulsory censorship in the DB. In the DB, he was considered the middle between the different camps. Since 2003, RWB has had five member associations in Bonn, Hamburg, Marburg, Leipzig and Rostock. Because of the strong fluctuation of the member fraternities, their overall small number and the constant struggle with their lack of young talent, the RWB, in contrast to the WK, could not exert a decisive influence on the association policy of the German fraternity for a long time. In the 2003/04 and 2004/05 financial years, the two RWB fraternities, Obotritia Rostock and Normannia-Leipzig zu Marburg, then appointed the chairpersons of the DB. Since 2012 not all RWB member associations are also members of DB.

Working group White Circle

On the Burschentag 2010, under the chairmanship of the Munich Burschenschaft Cimbria, six fraternities founded the Working Group White Circle (AGWK) with the aim of lifting the suspension and reviving the WK. However, due to formal requirements, this goal could not be achieved.

Classification within the associations of white fraternities

The White Circle was the most important union of fraternities of the white direction at the time.

In the interwar period it consisted of the fraternities of the Old-White Cartel , the Black-White-Red Cartel , the Friendship League and the Black-White Cartel . Within the German fraternity, the White Circle, the Black-Red-Golden Cartel , the White Ring and 14 other individual fraternities formed the loose White Working Group (WAG) .

The "white principle"

The "white" fraternities - especially in contrast to the "red" fraternities - pay special attention to their corporate coexistence and social manners. In addition, they are by definition obligatory and are counted among the conservative wing within the German fraternity.

Already between the world wars, the white direction emphasized "emphatically the corporate peculiarity and weapons student tasks of the individual fraternities and the preservation of the traditional forms of tightly knit community life."

Politically, the corresponding connections were close to the traditional political right. This was not necessarily associated with a connection to the militant anti-Semitism that had become increasingly widespread in some student fraternities in the 1920s and from 1929 onwards in the student body, but referred to traditions and conservative currents of the time before the First World War .

White Circle principles

The following principles result from the statutes of the White Circle from the year of the suspension (1961):

  • Pursuit of the same fraternity goals and common representation of the same within the German fraternity
  • Emphasis on the independence of the individual fraternities
  • Conservative attitude towards efforts to change or abandon the old traditions
  • Advocate for the people-based concept of fatherland
  • Educational work based on fraternity principles
  • Non-interference in party political disputes
  • Preservation and transmission of proven student forms
  • Completion of an academic degree (an actual exam principle was mostly unknown to the old white fraternities due to the circumstances at the time)
  • Friendly relationships between the member associations

Members

At the time of the suspension, the White Circle consisted of the following 28 fraternities:

Surname Seat founding Colours cartel Whereabouts
Aachen fraternity Alania Aachen 1876 blue-red-gold BG (until 1996), IBZ (until 2016), founding member of the ADB
Burschenschaft Cimbria Berlin Berlin 1888 white-black-red-white SWK RWB, merger to form Brandenburgia Dortmund (dissolved in 1999), now back in Berlin
Germania Berlin fraternity Berlin 1862 black-red-silver (vu) WR RWB, merger to form Brandenburgia Dortmund (dissolved in 1999), now back in Berlin
Hevellia Berlin fraternity Berlin 1877 green-silver-red Fusion to Brandenburgia Dortmund (dissolved in 1999), now back in Berlin
Bonn fraternity Frankonia Bonn 1845 white-red-gold AWK RWB
Frankonia Erlangen fraternity gain 1884 white-black-red-white (vu) SWRK BG
Fraternity Teutonia Prague gain 1876 black red Gold SRGK BG, today in Würzburg
Fraternity Dresdensia-Rugia Frankfurt Frankfurt 1853 red-white-green and violet-white-red AWK today in Giessen
Fraternity Franconia Freiburg Freiburg 1877 pink-white-green (vu) VGK RWB (until 1972), NeueDB (until 2017)
Fraternity of Alemannia Giessen to water 1861 blue-red-gold RWB (until 1993)
Alemannia Göttingen fraternity Goettingen 1880 violet-white-red WR RWB, dissolved in 1999
Graz academic fraternity Arminia Graz 1868 black red Gold SRGK BG
Graz academic fraternity Marcho-Teutonia Graz 1885 black-silver-green BG (until 2014)
Hamburg fraternity Germania Hamburg 1919 black-red-gold (vu) SWRK BG
Fraternity Germania Koenigsberg Hamburg 1843 black-white-red (vu) AWK RWB
Old Rostock fraternity Obotritia Hamburg 1883 blue-gold-red FB since 2003 RWB, today in Rostock
Fraternity Rheno-Arminia Heidelberg Heidelberg 1913 violet-white-blue Disbanded in 1993
Academic fraternity Germania Innsbruck innsbruck 1892 black-white-gold
Germania Halle fraternity Mainz 1861 white-red-gold (vu) SWRK BG
Alemannia Marburg fraternity Marburg 1874 violet-silver-red VGK RWB (until 1972), NeueDB (until 2017)
Munich fraternity Cimbria Munich 1879 red-gold-black FB BG
Münster fraternity Franconia Muenster 1878 violet-white-red BG (until 2012)
Fraternity Ghibellinia Stuttgart Stuttgart 1862 blue-gold-red BG (until 1985), IBZ
Old Strasbourg fraternity Germania Tübingen 1880 black-silver-red AWK IBZ
Vienna academic fraternity Albia Vienna 1870 black red Gold SRGK BG
Viennese academic fraternity Libertas Vienna 1860 black red Gold BG
Academic fraternity Markomannia in Vienna Vienna 1860 black-white-gold BG, today in Deggendorf
Burschenschaft Cimbria Würzburg Wurzburg 1875 purple-silver-black FB RWB (until 1991)

See also

literature

  • Hans-Georg Balder: History of the German fraternity . WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2006. ISBN 3-933892-25-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg Heer : History of the German Burschenschaft IV: The Burschenschaft in the preparation of the Second Reich, in the Second Reich and in the World War. ( Sources and presentations on the history of the fraternity and the German unity movement , Volume 16), Heidelberg 1939. p. 75.
  2. ^ Paul Wentzcke : Representations and sources on the history of the German unity movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Volume 4, Heidelberg 1957, p. 219.
  3. ↑ Sonja Kuhn: The German Burschenschaft - a grouping in the field of tension between traditional formalism and traditional foundations - an analysis for the period 1950 to 1999. Diploma thesis in the degree program in education, philosophy, psychology at the University of Bamberg. Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-00-009710-4 . P. 99.
  4. ↑ Hans-Georg Balder: History of the German Burschenschaft . WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2006. p. 398.
  5. ↑ Sonja Kuhn: The German Burschenschaft - a grouping in the field of tension between traditional formalism and traditional foundations - an analysis for the period 1950 to 1999. Diploma thesis in the degree program in education, philosophy, psychology at the University of Bamberg. Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-00-009710-4 . P. 215.
  6. ^ Sonja Kuhn: The German Burschenschaft: a group in the field of tension between traditional formalism and traditional foundations; an analysis for the period from 1950 to 1999. Stuttgart 2002, p. 107.
  7. ↑ Hans-Georg Balder: The German fraternities. Their representation in individual chronicles. Hilden 2005, p. 72.
  8. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politiker, Part 7: Supplement A – K, Winter, Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8253-6050-4 , pp. 120f.
  9. ↑ Hans-Georg Balder: The German fraternities. Their representation in individual chronicles. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2005, p. 23.
  10. ↑ Sonja Kuhn: The German Burschenschaft - a grouping in the field of tension between traditional formalism and traditional foundations - an analysis for the period 1950 to 1999. Diploma thesis in the degree program in education, philosophy, psychology at the University of Bamberg. Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-00-009710-4 . P. 158f.
  11. ↑ Hans-Georg Balder: History of the German Burschenschaft. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2006, p. 460.
  12. ^ Michael Gehler : Students and Politics: The Struggle for Supremacy at the University of Innsbruck, 1918-1938. Innsbruck 1990, p. 295.
  13. ↑ Herman Haupt (Ed.): Handbook for the German Burschenschafter , Brönner, Frankfurt 1925, p. 118.
  14. ↑ Sören Flachowsky and Holger Stoecker (eds.): From the Amazon to the Eastern Front. The expedition traveler and geographer Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel (1910-1989) . Böhlau Verlag , Cologne / Vienna / Weimar 2011, ISBN 978-3-412-20765-6 , p. 26
  15. ↑ Sonja Kuhn: The German Burschenschaft - a grouping in the field of tension between traditional formalism and traditional foundations - an analysis for the period 1950 to 1999. Diploma thesis in the degree program in education, philosophy, psychology at the University of Bamberg. Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-00-009710-4 . P. 215.