Old fraternity
The old fraternity was a corporations association of fraternities that existed from November 1934 to October 1935 and had previously belonged to the German fraternity (DB).
In 1934 the fraternities Frankonia Bonn , Alemannia Bonn and Bubenruthia Erlangen were excluded from the DB because they refused to exclude Jewish old men from their ranks in accordance with Aryan regulations. Other fraternities subsequently left the DB. By leaving, they fought against the increasing synchronization of the DB and the increasing influence of National Socialism on the association. A loose working group of different cartels founded the Altburschenschaftlichen Ring in Berlin on November 6, 1934 , which was renamed the Old Burschenschaft in May 1935. The association disbanded on October 16, 1935 under increasing pressure and personal threats and finally had 33 member associations.
Background and development until 1934
The emergence of the old fraternity cannot be understood without the development of the student corporation association Deutsche Burschenschaft (DB). In the course of the post-war period, it became more and more politicized and passed various resolutions that went far beyond university policy. The Burschentag 1920 prohibited z. B. the new admission of Jews to the association, in 1929 it was decided to join the "Reich Committee for the referendum against the Young Plan ".
The increasing radicalization of political life was also reflected in the German fraternity and exposed them to numerous internal tensions. In 1931 a resolution followed that provided for a two-thirds majority for political declarations at the Burschentag .
In September 1932 an open dispute broke out between the German Burschenschaft and the National Socialist German Student Union ( NSDStB ), which was founded in 1926 , after they had previously worked together partially. Together with other umbrella organizations, the DB tried to curb the growing influence of the NSDStB by forming the Hopoag ( University Political Working Group of Student Associations ), but without much success. In April 1933 the Hopoag was dissolved.
The so-called seizure of power was initially welcomed by some idealists in the German fraternity. Many fraternity members were also members of the NSDAP and believed that better times were dawning for the fraternity. However, these hopes were soon disappointed. Under the pressure of the National Socialists, the DB introduced the leader principle and thereby disempowered the traditional boys' day. The so-called “ Feickert Plan ” finally envisaged the conversion of the connections into living companionships with a limited duration of membership. As a result, the livelihoods of numerous corporations and the togetherness of young and old in the life alliance were directly threatened, so that the opposition grew.
Goals of the old fraternity
Against this background, the old fraternity was formed and in December 1934 formulated the following goals:
- No massing of the DB through the joining of numerous non- student associations . A demand that turned against, among other things, the merger with fraternities of other associations.
- No unit couleur with the same hat and the same colors as they provided for the plans of the Nazis.
- Resistance to the separation of old boys 'associations and young boys' associations. The dissolution of the bond of life was seen as the “wedge between young and old”.
- The demand for the preservation of the rights and the independence of the individual fraternities turned against the Führer principle .
- Opposition to the exclusion of the fraternities Frankonia Bonn , Alemannia Bonn and Bubenruthia Erlangen, who refused to exclude Jewish old men from their ranks according to the Aryan regulations.
With these goals in mind, the old fraternity formulated an attempt to prevent or reverse the harmonization of the fraternities. In the course of 1935, however, the increasing pressure under the new leader of the German fraternity and member of the NSDStB Hans Glauning (Marburg fraternity Germania) was not able to counteract the old fraternity under Karl Hoppmann ( old Strasbourg fraternity Germania ), especially since only a minority of them 35 fraternities were organized in the old fraternity in May 1935, with more than 150 fraternities in the German fraternity.
Glauning commented on Hoppmann and the old fraternity in March 1935:
"The [...] broken connections will be taken over by Dr. Hoppmann, who has to be addressed as a decidedly reactionary and enemy of National Socialism due to his political stance in the past and in the present. "
"All [...] fraternities who have resigned from the German fraternity [...] are those who have already faced the strongest resistance in the past to any National Socialist enforcement of the fraternity."
The temporary end of the traditional fraternity in Germany finally marked the ban on membership in a corporation by Rudolf Hess .
Members
Most recently the following 33 fraternities were members of the old fraternity.
- Berlin
- Germania Berlin fraternity
- Fraternity Obotritia Berlin
- Burschenschaft Saravia Berlin
- Frankfurt a. M.
- Old Strasbourg fraternity Germania in Frankfurt
- Freiburg
- Fraternity of Alemannia Freiburg
- Fraternity Franconia Freiburg
- to water
- Fraternity of Alemannia Giessen
- Goettingen
- Brunsviga fraternity
- Fraternity Frisia Göttingen
- Alemannia Göttingen fraternity
- Greifswald
- Greifswald fraternity Rugia
- Hann. Münden
- Fraternity Saxonia Hann. Münden
- Halle (Saale)
- Germania Halle fraternity
- Fraternity of the plowmen
- Heidelberg
- Fraternity Allemannia Heidelberg
- Koenigsberg
- Fraternity of Alemannia Koenigsberg
- Fraternity Germania Koenigsberg
- Fraternity Gothia Koenigsberg
- Fraternity of Teutonia Koenigsberg
- Leipzig
- Leipzig fraternity Dresdensia
- Fraternity Normannia Leipzig
- Marburg
- Alemannia Marburg fraternity
- Arminia Marburg fraternity
- Muenster
- Alemannia Münster fraternity
- Rostock
- Fraternity Obotritia Rostock
See also
literature
- Hans-Georg Balder: Frankonia-Bonn 1845–1995. The story of a German fraternity . WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2006, ISBN 3-933-892-26-0
- Hans-Georg Balder: History of the German Burschenschaft , WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2006, ISBN 3-933892-25-2 . P. 272ff.
- Helma Brunck: The German Burschenschaft in the Weimar Republic and in National Socialism . Universitas Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8004-1380-9 . P. 333ff.
- Karl Hoppmann: Contributions to the history of the old white cartel . In: Strassburger Germanenzeitung , issue 1/1961. Without location information, 1961, p. 24ff.
- Ernst Wilhelm Wreden : Outline of the fraternity's history . In: Wolfgang Dachsel (Ed.): Handbook of the German Burschenschaft . Verlag der Deutschen Burschenschaft, Schwanebeck 1998, ISBN 3-00-002543-X .
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Hoppmann: Contributions to the history of the old white cartel , in: Strassburger Germanenzeitung 1/1961, p. 27.
- ↑ Hans Glauning: To the National Socialism in the student associations. The disputes between the Völkischer Waffenring and State Secretary Dr. Lammers , Plauen, 1935, pp. 4-5. Quoted from: Harald Lönnecker : The assembly of the “better National Socialists”? - The Völkischer Waffenring (VWR) between anti-Semitism and corporate elitism. Frankfurt, 2003. p. 23.
- ↑ Hans-Georg Balder: History of the German Burschenschaft . WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2006. ISBN 3-933892-25-2 . P. 300f.