Soft knights

Soft knights
Melanoleuca angelisiana
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : Agaricomycetidae Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales) Family : Knight relatives (Tricholomataceae) Genre : Soft knights
Scientific name
Melanoleuca
Patient

The soft knights ( Melanoleuca ) are a well recognizable genus of agaric mushrooms . Their scientific name reflects the most common coloring of hat and lamellas. The top of the hat is usually dark in color, while the lamellae are whitish.

features

The hat shape is usually arched, at most slightly hunched or slightly indented in the middle. The top of the hat is whitish, brown or gray in color. The lamellas are usually bulged, attached to the stem and slightly sloping down. They have a white to ocher yellow color with partly pink shimmer. The spore powder is white to cream in color. The stem is fine-grained, partly grooved and often thickened at the base. Locations are grassy forests, roadsides and parks.

species

In Europe, around 80 species and varieties occur or are to be expected there.

Soft Knights ( Melanoleuca ) in Europe

German name Scientific name Author quote Hemlock or strong-smelling soft knight Melanoleuca astringent (Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) Konrad & Maublanc 1937 Small-chubby soft knight Melanoleuca amica (Fries 1857) Singer 1943 Dark brown soft knight Melanoleuca arcuata (Bulliard 1790: Fries 1821) Singer 1935 Black-footed soft knight Melanoleuca atripes Boekhout 1988 Melanoleuca bataillei Malençon 1975 Short-pored soft knight Melanoleuca brachyspora Harmaja 1985 Squat soft knight Melanoleuca bresadolae (Singer 1943) Bon 1991 Short-handled soft knight Melanoleuca brevipes (Bulliard 1791) Patouillard 1900 very fine. st. Pale soft knight Melanoleuca candida Singer 1943 Melanoleuca castaneofusca Contu 1998 Catalan soft knight Melanoleuca catalaunica Singer 1935 Melanoleuca cavipes Métrod 1948 ex Bon 1990 Gray-leaved soft knight Melanoleuca cinereifolia (Bon 1970) Bon 1978 Spring or Falber soft knight Melanoleuca cognata (Fries 1838) Konrad & Maublanc 1927 Melanoleuca cognata var.  Robusta (JE Lange 1933) Kühner 1978 Melanoleuca congregata Bertault 1975 ex Contu 1993 Melanoleuca contracta Métrod 1948 ex Fontenla, Gottardi & Para 2006 Melanoleuca crassotunicata Singer 1943 Short-footed soft knight Melanoleuca curtipes (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) Receipt 1972 Later soft knight Melanoleuca decembris Métrod 1942 ex Bon 1986 Funnelling soft knight Melanoleuca decembris var.  Pseudorasilis Bon 1990 Melanoleuca diverticulata G. Moreno & Bon 1980 Colorful soft knight Melanoleuca electropus Maire & Malençon 1975 Light soft knight Melanoleuca evenosa (Saccardo 1887) Konrad & Maublanc 1927 Frayed soft knight Melanoleuca exscissa (described as " excissa ") (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) Singer 1935 Melanoleuca favrei Bon 1990 Friesscher soft knight Melanoleuca friesii (Bresadola 1928) Bon 1978 Melanoleuca furva (Fries 1818) Neuhoff 1967 ('1966') Melanoleuca fusca (Cleland 1933) Grgurinovic 1985 Small grass soft knight Melanoleuca graminicola (Velenovský 1920) Kühner & Maire 1934 Grooved soft knight Melanoleuca grammopus (Bulliard 1792: Fries 1821) Murrill 1914 Melanoleuca grammopus var.  Obscura Bon 1990 Smoky gray soft knight Melanoleuca griseofumosa (Secretan 1833 ex) Singer & Clémençon 1973 ('1972') Heterocystid soft knight Melanoleuca heterocystidiosa (Beller & Bon 1972) Bon 1984 Hairy soft knight Melanoleuca humilis (Persoon 1801: Frieze 1821) Patouillard 1900 Melanoleuca intervenosa Métrod 1948 ex Bon 1990 Iris soft knight Melanoleuca iris Kühner 1956 Melanoleuca kavinae (Pilát & Veselý 1932) Singer 1936 Melanoleuca krieglsteineri Pázmány 1987 Gray-brown soft knight Melanoleuca kuehneri Bon 1988 Dark, short-stemmed soft knight Melanoleuca langei (Boekhout 1988) Bon 1990 White-leaved soft knight Melanoleuca leucophylloides (Bon 1973) Bon 1980 Yellow spore soft knight Melanoleuca luteolosperma (Britzelmayr 1894) Singer 1935 Melanoleuca malenconii Bon 1990 Common soft knight Melanoleuca melaleuca (Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) Murrill 1911 Southern soft knight Melanoleuca meridionalis G. Moreno & Barrasa 1978 ('1977') Purple-brown soft knight Melanoleuca metrodiana Bon 1988 Pink-leaved soft knight Melanoleuca metrodii Bon 1982 Felt-hatched soft knight Melanoleuca microcephala (P. Karsten 1881) Singer 1935 Melanoleuca nauseosa (Boekhout 1988) Bon 1990 Dark soft knight Melanoleuca nigrescens (Bresadola 1927) Bon 1978 Ocher-stained soft knight Melanoleuca nivea Métrod 1962 ex Boekhout 1988 Mountain soft knight Melanoleuca oreina (Fries 1818: Fries 1821) Kühner & Maire 1934 Striped soft knight Melanoleuca paedida (Fries 1838) Kühner & Maire 1934 Melanoleuca pallidicutis Bresinsky 2006 Melanoleuca parisianorum R. Haller Aar. 1953 ex Bon 1987 Maroon soft knight Melanoleuca phaeopus (described as " phaeopodia ") (Bulliard 1792) Murrill 1914 Dark-fleshed soft knight Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) Kühner & Maire 1934 ss. st. Melanoleuca politoinaequalipes (Béguet 1972 ex) M. Traverso & Zotti 2002 Melanoleuca privernensis (Consiglio, Contu, Setti & Vizzini 2008) Consiglio, Setti & Vizzini 2010 Light, short-stemmed soft knight Melanoleuca pseudobrevipes Bon 1990 Melanoleuca pseudoevenosa (Bon 1978 ex) Bon & G. Moreno 1980 Slender-handled soft knight Melanoleuca pseudoluscina Bon 1980 ('1979') Melanoleuca pseudopaedida Bon 1990 Smooth soft knight Melanoleuca rasilis (Frieze 1838) Singer 1939 Melanoleuca reae (described as " Reai ") Singer 1935 Red-footed soft knight Melanoleuca rufipes Bon 1978 Gray soft knight Melanoleuca schumacheri (Fries 1818: Fries 1821) Singer 1943 Pale gray soft knight Melanoleuca spegazzinii (Saccardo & D. Saccardo 1905) Singer 1950 Stiff-handled soft knight Melanoleuca strictipes (P. Karsten 1881) Jul.Schäffer 1951 Wayside soft knight Melanoleuca stridula (Frieze 1838) Singer 1935 Rüblings soft knight Melanoleuca stridula var.  Pallidipes (JE Lange 1933) Receipt 1978 Melanoleuca striimarginata Métrod 1942 ex Bon 1990 Almen soft knight Melanoleuca subalpina (Britzelmayr 1891) Bresinsky & Stangl 1976 Melanoleuca subbrevipes Métrod 1942 ex Bon 1990 Melanoleuca subexcentrica Bon 1990 Frosted soft knight Melanoleuca subpulverulenta (Persoon 1828) Singer 1939 White Alpine soft knight Melanoleuca substrictipes Kühner 1978 Flat soft knight Melanoleuca tabularis Métrod 1942 Dark soft knight Melanoleuca tristis MM Moser 1991 Sooty soft knight Melanoleuca turrita (Frieze 1838) Singer 1935 Rough stalk or flaky stalk soft knight Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fries 1872) Singer 1939 Gelatinized soft knight Melanoleuca yucatanensis Guzmán & Bon in Bon 1984

• 

  Spring soft
  knight Melanoleuca cognata

• 

  Light soft
  knight Melanoleuca evenosa

• 

  Grooved soft
  knight Melanoleuca grammopodius

• 

  Alpine soft
  knight Melanoleuca subalpina

• 

  Frosted soft
  knight Melanoleuca subpulverulenta

• 

  Raustiel- or flake-stalked soft
  knight Melanoleuca verrucipes

meaning

Food value

All soft knights are considered non-toxic. However, this could also be due to the fact that species identification is often disputed even among scientists. Toadstools just might not be known like that. When the Almen-Weichritterling ( M. strictipes ) z. B. suspected a slight toxicity. The spring soft knight ( M. cognata ) is used as an edible mushroom, even if like all species of this genus it is not particularly tasty.

swell

literature

• Rudolf Winkler: List of species Melanoleuca . 2006. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
• Walter Pätzold, Hans E. Laux: 1 x 1 of mushroom picking . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart. 2004. ISBN 978-3-440-09692-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Melanoleuca . On: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
2. ↑ Ondrej Ďuriška, Vladimir Antonín, Roberto Para and others: Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Melanoleuca strictipes (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe . in: CZECH MYCOLOGY 69 (1): 15–30, May 9, 2017 (ISSN 1805-1421, digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Soft Knights ( Melanoleuca )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Georg Müller: Melanoleuca photo collection . In: picture gallery from pilzepilze.de .