White cabbage

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White cabbage

The cabbage ( Brassica oleracea convar. Capitata var. Alba ), also white cabbage , white cabbage , Kappes , capes , Kappus , cabbage , Kobi or herb called, is a variant of the head cabbage and vegetables that has season especially in autumn and winter. It can be used to make hearty stews , cabbage cakes, cabbage rolls or salads. It is characterized by its high proportion of vitamin C (46 mg / 100 g) and mustard oil glycosides with an antibiotic effect .

etymology

The name cabbage comes from the Latin caul (is) . The word "Kappes", which is particularly common in the Rhineland and the Ruhr area, was also derived from the Latin caput , the head, from the form caputium . The word also got into English as cabbage via the French caboche . In German-speaking Switzerland the variant "Kabis" or dialect "Chabis" is common, in South Tyrol "Kobis". For Bavaria see the article Gabisgarten .

“Kappes”, “Kabis” etc. also mean “nonsense” or “nonsense”.

description

Many types of white cabbage have heads that are significantly larger than those of red cabbage . Varieties that are early to market are usually marketed as head cabbage. The later market-ready and often large-volume varieties are largely processed into sauerkraut .

Breeding goals are in particular and depending on the intended use, space resistance with simultaneous compactness, short inner cones, storability, disease and pest resistance and the elimination of genetically determined defects such as internal necrosis, which are called "tobacco".

The most commonly grown varieties are round-headed, which makes them easier to machine. Flat head species such as Amager can also be found in the north. The aromatic pointed cabbage and Filderkraut are also grown in southern Germany .

The wettability of the leaf surface is poor. Water rolls off in droplets, as can also be observed with lotus flowers , and it takes dirt particles adhering to the surface with it ( lotus effect ).

variants

Pointed cabbage or pointed cabbage is a variety related to white cabbage. Filderkraut (after the Fildern, a fertile plain near Stuttgart) is a firmer variant of the pointed cabbage with stronger leaves.

Jaroma cabbage is an old type of cabbage that has been bred again. Compared to white cabbage, it is not round, but rather flat and has a milder taste.

history

An early illustration of the white cabbage can be found in Leonhart Fuchs (1542). In order to increase the yield of white cabbage, CMS varieties (F1 hybrids) are mostly grown today .

ingredients

100 g white cabbage contain:
source Calorific value water fat potassium Calcium magnesium vitamin C
1 105 kJ (25 kcal) 90.3 g 0.2 g 255 mg 45 mg 14 mg 50 mg
2 105 kJ (25 kcal) 92.18 g 0.1 g 170 mg 40 mg

12 mg

36.6 mg

In sauerkraut and white cabbage, ascorbic acid is also bound in the form of ascorbents A and B (C-2-scatyl-L-ascorbic acid). When the vegetables are cooked, the molecules break down into L-ascorbic acid and 3-hydroxyindole, so that they can contain more vitamin C when cooked than when raw. However, cooking too long will destroy the vitamin .

use

nutrition

pharmacology

Fresh white cabbage juice is used in folk medicine for gastric and duodenal ulcers. Knowledge of the effectiveness is so far insufficient. Sauerkraut juice can also be used for digestive problems.

Externally, squeezed cabbage leaves were used to heal ulcers, wounds and furunculosis.

With a predominant diet with cabbage (as was common, for example, in times of need), increased enlargements of the thyroid gland were observed. The glucosinolates contained in white cabbage are responsible for this because their breakdown products inhibit iodide absorption.

photos

  • Cabbage harvest at Hedwigenkoog , Dithmarschen

  • Cabbage field

  • Natural variations of cabbage leaves

  • White cabbage delivery to the sauerkraut factory

  • White cabbage in the snow

Trivia

The term " Krauts " was used in British and US-American as ethnophaulism , especially in the world wars for the Germans.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rolf Froböse: When frogs fall from the sky. The craziest natural phenomena. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim 2007, p. 170. ISBN 3-527-31659-0
  2. ^ B. Baumann et al .: The herb book manuscript of Leonhart Fuchs . Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3538-8 . Page 336.
  3. ↑ Roger Müller: Swiss vegetables from genetic laboratories: the consumer has no choice. In: srf.ch . September 2, 2014, accessed March 17, 2019 .
  4. ↑ German Research Institute for Food Chemistry, Garching (ed.): Food table for practice . The little souci · specialist · herb. 4th edition. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-8047-2541-6 , p. 239 .
  5. ↑ FoodData Central - Search Results "Cabbage, raw" , there also additional data
  6. ↑ Gerhard G. Habermehl, Peter E. Hammann, Hans C. Krebs and W. Ternes: Naturstoffchemie: An introduction . Springer Verlag Berlin, 3rd completely revised. u. exp. Edition 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-73732-2 , p. 666.

literature

Web links

Commons : White Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. Capitata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: White cabbage  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations