Material groups of metallic materials
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DIN CEN ISO / TR 15608 |
|---|---|
| Area | Welding technology |
| title | Guidelines for grouping metallic materials |
| Latest edition | 2020-07 |
| ISO | 15608 |
In the case of material groups of metallic materials , an attempt is made to divide the weldable materials into groups with comparable characteristic properties.
Quote from ISO / RT 15608: 2013-8, national foreword:
“The groups are finely divided in order to also record special properties such as behavior during heat treatment and forming. However, it is expressly intended to combine groups of materials for verifications of materials with a comparable property profile, e.g. B. for welder qualifications and welding procedure tests. "
Application standards for pressure vessels , pipelines , gas supply, steam boilers , building construction and vehicle construction use this grouping of metallic materials .
Steels, groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 1 | Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH ≤ 460 N / mm² C≤0.25%, Si0.6%, Mn≤1.8%, Mo≤0.7%, S≤0.045%, P≤0.045%, Cu≤0 , 4%, Ni≤0.5%, Cr≤0.3%, Nb0.06%, V≤0.1%, Ti≤0.05% |
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| 1.1 | Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH ≤ 275 N / mm² | |
| 1.2 | Steels with a specified minimum yield strength of 275 N / mm² <ReH ≤ 360 N / mm² | |
| 1.3 | Normalized fine-grain structural steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH> 360 N / mm² | |
| 1.4 | Steels with an increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion, the composition of which may exceed the requirement for the individual elements of Group 1 | |
| 2 | Thermomechanically rolled fine-grain structural steels and cast steel with a specified minimum yield strength ReH> 360 N / mm² | |
| 2.1 | Thermomechanically rolled fine-grain structural steels and cast steel with a specified minimum yield strength of 360 N / mm² <ReH ≤ 460 N / mm² | |
| 2.2 | Thermomechanically rolled fine-grain structural steels and cast steel with a specified minimum yield strength ReH> 460 N / mm² | |
| 3 | Heat-treated and precipitation-hardening fine-grain structural steels, but not stainless steels, with a specified minimum yield strength ReH> 360 N / mm² | |
| 3.1 | Quenched and tempered fine-grain structural steels with a specified minimum yield strength of 360 N / mm² <ReH ≤ 690 N / mm² | |
| 3.2 | Quenched and tempered fine-grain structural steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH> 690 N / mm² | |
| 3.3 | Precipitation hardening fine-grain structural steels, but no stainless steels | |
| 4th | Low vanadium alloyed Cr-Mo (Ni) steels with Mo ≤ 0.7% and V ≤ 0.1% | |
| 4.1 | Steels with Cr ≤ 0.3% and Ni ≤ 0.7% | |
| 4.2 | Steels with Cr ≤ 0.7% and Ni ≤ 1.5% | |
| 5 | Vanadium-free Cr-Mo steels with C ≤ 0.35% | |
| 5.1 | Steels with 0.75% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5% and Mo ≤ 0.7% | |
| 5.2 | Steels with 1.5% <Cr ≤ 3.5% and 0.7% <Mo ≤ 1.2% | |
| 5.3 | Steels with 3.5% <Cr ≤ 7.0% and 0.4% <Mo ≤ 0.7% | |
| 5.4 | Steels with 7.0% <Cr ≤ 10.0% and 0.7% <Mo ≤ 1.2% | |
| 6th | Highly vanadium alloyed Cr-Mo (Ni) steels | |
| 6.1 | Steels with 0.3% ≤ Cr ≤ 0.75%, Mo ≤ 0.7% and V ≤ 0.35% | |
| 6.2 | Steels with 0.75% <Cr ≤ 3.5%, 0.7% <Mo ≤ 1.2% and V ≤ 0.35% | |
| 6.3 | Steels with 3.5% <Cr ≤ 7.0%, Mo ≤ 0.7% and 0.45% ≤ V ≤ 0.55% | |
| 6.4 | Steels with 7.0% <Cr ≤ 12.5%, 0.7% <Mo ≤ 1.2% and V ≤ 0.35% | |
| 7th | Ferritic , martensitic or precipitation hardening stainless steels with C ≤ 0.35% and 10.5% ≤ Cr ≤ 30% | |
| 7.1 | Ferritic stainless steels | |
| 7.2 | Martensitic stainless steels | |
| 7.3 | Precipitation hardening stainless steels | |
| 8th | Austenitic stainless steels, Ni ≤ 35% | |
| 8.1 | Austenitic stainless steels with Cr ≤ 19% | |
| 8.2 | Austenitic stainless steels with Cr> 19% | |
| 8.3 | Austenitic stainless steels containing manganese with 4% <Mn ≤ 12% | |
| 9 | Nickel alloy steels with Ni ≤ 10.0% | |
| 9.1 | Nickel alloy steels with Ni ≤ 3.0% | |
| 9.2 | Nickel alloy steels with 3.0% <Ni ≤ 8.0% | |
| 9.3 | Nickel alloy steels with 8.0% <Ni ≤ 10.0% | |
| 10 | Austenitic ferritic stainless steels ( duplex steel ) | |
| 10.1 | Austenitic ferritic stainless steels with Cr ≤ 24% and Ni> 4% | |
| 10.2 | Austenitic ferritic stainless steels with Cr> 24% and Ni> 4% | |
| 10.3 | Austenitic ferritic stainless steels with Ni ≤ 4% | |
| 11 | Group 1 steels, with the exception of 0.30% <C ≤ 0.85% | |
| 11.1 | Steels as detailed in group 11, with 0.30% <C ≤ 0.35% | |
| 11.2 | Steels as detailed in group 11, with 0.35% <C ≤ 0.5% | |
| 11.3 | Steels as specified in group 11, with 0.5% <C ≤ 0.85% |
Aluminum and aluminum alloys, groups 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 21st | Pure aluminum with ≤ 1% impurities or alloy components | |
| 22nd | Non-age-hardenable alloys | |
| 22.1 | Aluminum-manganese alloys | |
| 22.2 | Aluminum-magnesium alloys with Mg ≤ 1.5% | |
| 22.3 | Aluminum-magnesium alloys with 1.5% <Mg ≤ 3.5% | |
| 22.4 | Aluminum-magnesium alloys with Mg> 3.5% | |
| 23 | Age-hardenable aluminum alloys | |
| 23.1 | Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys | |
| 23.2 | Aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloys | |
| 24 | Aluminum-silicon alloys with Cu ≤ 1% | |
| 24.1 | Aluminum-silicon alloys with Cu ≤ 1% and 5% <Si ≤ 15% | |
| 24.2 | Aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys with Cu ≤ 1%; 5% <Si ≤ 15% and 0.1% <Mg ≤ 0.80% | |
| 25th | Aluminum-silicon-copper alloys with 5% <Si ≤ 14%; 1% <Cu ≤ 5% and Mg ≤ 0.8% | |
| 26th | Aluminum-copper alloys with 2% <Cu ≤ 6% |
Copper and copper alloys, groups 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 31 | Copper with up to 6% Ag and 3% Fe | |
| 32 | Copper-zinc alloys | |
| 32.1 | Copper-zinc alloys, two-component alloys | |
| 32.2 | Copper-zinc alloys, multi-component alloys | |
| 33 | Copper-tin alloys | |
| 34 | Copper-nickel alloys | |
| 35 | Copper-aluminum alloys | |
| 36 | Copper-nickel-zinc alloys | |
| 37 | Copper alloys, low alloyed (less than 5% other alloy elements), as far as they are not included in groups 31 to 36 | |
| 38 | Other copper alloys (5% or more other alloy elements), as far as they are not included in groups 31 to 36 |
Nickel and nickel alloys, groups 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and 48
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 41 | Pure nickel | |
| 42 | Nickel-copper alloys (Ni-Cu) with Ni ≥ 45%, Cu ≥ 10% | |
| 43 | Nickel- chrome alloys (Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo) with Ni ≥ 40% | |
| 44 | Nickel- molybdenum alloys (Ni-Mo) with Ni ≥ 45%, Mo ≤ 32% | |
| 45 | Nickel- iron- chromium alloys (Ni-Fe-Cr) with Ni ≥ 31% | |
| 46 | Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys (Ni-Cr-Co) with Ni ≥ 45%, Co ≥ 10% | |
| 47 | Nickel-iron-chromium-copper alloys (Ni-Fe-Cr-Cu) with Ni ≥ 45% | |
| 48 | Nickel-iron-cobalt alloys (Ni-Fe-Co-Cr-Mo-Cu) with 31% ≤ Ni ≤ 45% and Fe ≥ 20% |
Titanium and titanium alloys, groups 51, 52, 53 and 54
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 51 | Pure titanium | |
| 51.1 | Titanium with O2 ≤ 0.20% | |
| 51.2 | Titanium with 0.20% <O2 ≤ 0.25% | |
| 51.3 | Titanium with 0.25% <O2 ≤ 0.35% | |
| 51.4 | Titanium with 0.35% <O2 ≤ 0.40% | |
| 52 | Alpha alloys such as Ti-0.2Pd; Ti-2.5Cu; Ti-5Al-2.5Sn; Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V; Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo; Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo | |
| 53 | Alpha-beta alloys such as Ti-3Al-2.5V; Ti-6Al-4V; Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn; Ti-7Al-4Mo | |
| 54 | Similar to beta and beta alloys such as Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al; Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al; Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn; Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo |
Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys, Groups 61 and 62
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 61 | Pure zirconium | |
| 62 | Zirconium with 2.5% Nb |
Cast iron, groups 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 and 76
| Group number |
sub- group |
special properties, requirements |
| 71 | Flake graphite cast iron with specified tensile strength or Brinell hardness | |
| 72 | Cast iron with spheroidal graphite with specified mechanical-technological characteristics | |
| 72.1 | Ferritic cast iron with spheroidal graphite with defined tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress, elongation at break and defined impact energy | |
| 72.2 | Ferritic cast iron with spheroidal graphite with a fixed tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress and elongation at break or a fixed Brinell hardness | |
| 72.3 | Cast iron with spheroidal graphite EN-GJS-500-7 and EN-GJS-450-10 (if> 20% perlite) or specified Brinell hardness | |
| 72.4 | Pearlitic cast iron with spheroidal graphite with a fixed tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress and elongation at break or a fixed Brinell hardness | |
| 73 | Malleable cast iron | |
| 74 | Bainitic cast iron | |
| 75 | Austenitic cast iron | |
| 76 | Cast iron not included in Groups 71 to 75 |
For a correct classification of a material into a material group number, the following standards should also be observed, as deviations can occur here:
- CEN ISO / TR20172
- CEN ISO / TR20173
- CEN ISO / TR20174
An example is the material G20Mo5 (1.5419). When breaking down this material and considering the mechanical properties, it would have to be assigned to group 1.1 according to CEN ISO / TR 15608. (C0.15-0.23, SI <0.6, Mn0.5-1, P0.025, S <0.3, Mo0.4-0.6, Ni <0.4, Cu, 0.3, V, 0.05 / Rp0.2 = 245)
The However, the above-mentioned CEN ISO / TR20172 assigns it to group 3.1.
Reason: The G20Mo5 is heat-resistant cast steel, although it has similar strength values to simple structural steel at room temperature, but these still up to approx. 500 ° C, where structural steel is already soft, and the G20Mo5 can be tempered.