Factory dry mortar
Factory dry mortar is the name for mortar whose dry components are premixed in the factory of a building material manufacturer according to fixed recipes and which is delivered to the building site in containers ( bagged goods ) or loose ( silo goods ) or is available in building materials stores. Before processing, pre- mixed dry mortar is simply mixed with a defined amount of mixing water without any additional ingredients .
The overarching term for factory dry mortar is factory mortar. Factory mortar includes factory dry mortar and factory fresh mortar; the latter is delivered to the construction site ready to use in mixer vehicles.
Opposite terms to factory dry mortar are construction site mortars and prescription mortars, which were traditionally mixed on the construction site in a ratio determined by empirical values without special testing of the starting material.
The invention and the widespread use of ready-mixed dry mortar is an essential aspect of industrialized construction on the one hand and progressive systematic quality assurance of building materials on the other.
history
For the entire first third of the 20th century, all types of mortar were mixed by hand from several raw materials on the construction site for use. The entire mix was brought under the influence of wind and weather on an open loading area in carts and in wooden troughs or steel troughs, later, more progressively, in motor-driven mixing drums, initially mixed dry and then brought to the desired consistency with the local water. A defined mortar quality with regard to the chemical composition and thus the desired physical properties could not be achieved with this process, because the properties of the ingredients, the mixing ratios and the type and length of the actual mixing process constantly varied.
On the other hand, since the increased construction of multi-storey buildings and massive high-rise buildings, the static requirements on the building structures have increased significantly. Here the masonry mortar has a decisive function for the static load-bearing capacity . The same applies to the increased requirements in infrastructure construction , which in the second half of the 19th century led to the first systematic quality tests for mortar and bricks by Joseph Bazalgette .
The American civil engineer Arthur C. Avril is considered to be the inventor of the factory-mixed dry mortar, who in 1936 offered ready-mixed dry mortar with a stable formulation as bagged goods and founded his own company for production and marketing called Sakrete (in Europe Sakret ). Avril closed a critical process gap between the use of industrially manufactured wall building materials and increasingly industrial, assembly-like construction practice. Avril's idea caught on with great speed and permanently changed the work processes in construction. The use of premixed dry mortar has now become the standard for all types of mortar products except for very few and small niches.
Building materials technology and standardization
The invention of the ready-mixed dry mortar actually opened up the planned development and application of building material chemistry. Material research, formulation development with finely dosed organic and inorganic additives and quality management on the part of the building material manufacturers has led to the development of mortar products with defined areas of application and, among other things, made it possible to patent certain recipes. On the other hand, the standardization and standardization of product properties is only possible economically with this manufacturing method.
The sets of standards often explicitly require the exclusive use of factory mortar. One example is DIN EN 998-2, which only permits masonry mortar as factory mortar and expressly excludes construction site mortar and recipe mortar from use. Since the building regulations list in Germany refers to DIN EN 998-2, the use of factory mortar as masonry mortar is an explicit building regulation regulation.
Compensation with plastics used today to achieve special properties on a large scale, in the form of redispersible dispersion powders in dry mortar - these are dried polymer dispersions - can only be achieved with mortars mixed in the factory. This also applies to other aggregates that require consistent material quality and dosage within narrow tolerances.
Economical meaning
The premixed dry mortar industry that emerged in the 1960s has meanwhile become an important area within the building material production and construction industry. The number of mortar factories in Europe is around 800 with an output of factory dry mortar of around 42 million tons / year. The markets in Eastern Europe, where the major international manufacturers are also increasingly involved, are seen as expanding.
Manufacturer
Belong to the nationally known brands or manufacturers in Germany
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harder, Joachim: Market overview of the dry mortar industry in Europe In: ZKG international. Vol .: 60, No. 6, 2007, pp. 48-61. ISSN 0949-0205 .