Value chain
The supply circuit according to Gunther is a development of the value chain ( Value Chain ). Every production demands the supply function ( environment as resource supplier ) and the carrier function of the environment (environment as receiving environment ) and is therefore in direct connection with procurement , sales or disposal .
definition
Based on Porter Michael E. Porter , the primary activities that relate to the actual service creation process are, according to Günther, divided into procurement, production, in particular ecologically-oriented production , sales and disposal.
Research & Development, Logistics, Personnel & Organization, Marketing and Controlling have a cross-departmental and supportive effect and represent the secondary activities .
Reason
Product stewardship and the associated ecological responsibility of the company presuppose a consideration of the entire product life cycle . However, deep insight does not lead to a change in corporate behavior. In contrast, improved chemical detection methods and additional legal requirements create new requirements for the disposal of many organic, inorganic and metallic residues and additions, which have a significant impact on production costs. Another factor are statutory take-back obligations, with which the products themselves become objects of disposal at the end of their service life.
Due to various legal requirements, social developments and the resulting economically driven ecological orientation of companies, the circular economy model is becoming increasingly important. In addition to the products and waste generated in the production process , the product responsibility of the company, which is anchored in the Recycling and Waste Act, and the associated safe disposal of the products after their use must also be taken into account. As a result, an ecological corporate orientation requires the circular design of the material and information flows. Braungart / McDonough developed the cradle-to-cradle approach (meaning: "From cradle to cradle") in order to use the advantages of natural systems for the development of products. By integrating the functional area of disposal and the associated inclusion of the ecological factor, the value chain according to Porter is expanded into a value chain. In this regard, there are various further developments in the literature, u. a. Zahn / Schmid, whose value chain emphasizes the recycling aspect.
In contrast to the Porter value chain, which only concentrates on the internal levels, the upstream and downstream levels of suppliers ( creditors ) and customers ( debtors ) also affect the internal value chain across the company.
construction
The value chain is formed from the primary functional areas:
The secondary functional areas are included without further specification (see diagram):
Individual evidence
- ↑ ME Porter: Competitive Advantages. Achieve and maintain top performance . Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2000, p. 67 ff .
- ↑ M. Braungart, W. McDonough: Simply produce intelligently, cradle to cradle: Nature shows how we can do things better . Berlin 2005.
- ^ E. Günther: Ecology-oriented controlling . Munich 1994, p. 90 f .
literature
- E. Günther: Ecology-oriented management . Stuttgart 2008.
- H.-G. Baum, T. Albrecht, D. Raffler: Environmental and resource protection as a corporate goal . Wiesbaden 2007.
- E. Zahn, U. Schmid: Competitive advantages through environmentally friendly management . In: E. Zahn, H. Gassert (Ed.): Environment-oriented management . Stuttgart 1992, p. 39-93 .