Reflection theory

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The theory of reflection takes a magnification ratio between the human consciousness and independent of human consciousness being on. She denies that there is any autonomous thinking and postulates that everything can be traced back to the material conditions of its origin. According to the pair of terms base and superstructure introduced by Marx , the superstructure represents the relationships of the base. This means on the one hand that people's thinking is determined by their living conditions , and on the other hand that there is an independent objectivity .

According to its critics, the reflection theory is based on a wrong understanding of Marx's thesis: "Consciousness can never be anything other than conscious being, and the being of people is their real life process."

In 1996, Jürgen Link demonstrated on the basis of discourses in reflection theory that the ideological concept of Marxism itself can be diagnosed as " ideological ". He comes to the conclusion: “Discourses are not considered essentially passive media of an information formation through reality, so to speak as second-degree materialities or as“ less material ”than real reality. Rather, discourses are fully valid materialities of the first degree among the others ”.

In Marxism-Leninism , the reflection theory led to a dehistoricization of social concepts such as the concept of work . According to Bösch's reflection theory, “ nature is dialectical , while the materiality of dialectical nature guarantees the adequacy of the reflection theory”. Boesch sees this as a " circular reasoning , which the subject - object - dichotomy does not destroy, but perpetuated."

literature

  • Erwin Pracht : Image and Method. Digression on socialist realism. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle / Saale 1974
  • The Argument 92 (1975): Special issue "Reflection Theory" (online: PDF )
  • Greiff, Bodo von (1976): Company form and form of knowledge; On the connection between scientific experience and social development , Frankfurt / Main: Campus.
  • Jürgen Link (1996): How “ideological” was Marx's concept of ideology? On the misunderstood materiality of the discourses and subjectivities in Marxian materialism. In Rüdiger Scholz & Klaus-Michael Bogdal , (ed.): Literary theory and history: For discussion of materialistic literary studies. (Pp. 132-148). Opladen: West German publishing house.
  • Alexej Nikolajewitsch Leontjew : Activity, Consciousness, Personality. Volk und Wissen publishing house, Berlin, 1979; Pahl-Rugenstein 1982.
  • Hans Heinz Holz : Dialectics and Reflection. Cologne: Pahl-Rugenstein 1983
  • Hans Heinz Holz: reflection. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, Library of Basic Dialectical Terms, 2003.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfred Kosing : Karl Marx and the dialectical-materialistic image theory. German magazine for philosophy. Special issue Problems and Results of the Marxist-Leninist Epistemology , 1968, pp. 7-29.
  2. ^ Gerhard Schweppenhäuser : Basic concepts of ethics. Junius-Verlag, 2003; Pp. 18-19
  3. ↑ MEW 3, p. 26
  4. ↑ Jürgen Link: How “ideological” was Marx's concept of ideology? On the misunderstood materiality of discourses and subjectivities in Marxian materialism (1996); In: Rüdiger Scholz, Klaus-Michael Bogdal (eds.): Literary theory and history: For the discussion of materialistic literary studies ; Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag; Pp. 132-148
  5. ↑ Robert Bösch: Unheimliche Kinship. Comments on the relationship between Marxism-Leninism and anti-Semitism ; in: Krisis 16/17 (2006)