Wiesbadener Kronen Brewery
The Wiesbadener Kronen Brewery in today's Hessian state capital Wiesbaden is an industrial building from the Nassau and Prussian times, was one of the most important breweries in the Rhine-Main area from 1862 to 1918 and is the only one of the major breweries in Wiesbaden, some of which are listed Buildings have essentially been preserved.
location
The buildings of the former Wiesbadener Kronen Brewery are located on Sonnenberger Straße, halfway between Wiesbaden city center and the northeastern suburb of Wiesbaden-Sonnenberg , which was incorporated in 1926 .
history
Until 1923
After the Wiesbaden entrepreneurs Anton Kögler and Eduard Hahn had acquired several contiguous agricultural properties on Sonnenberger Strasse for 5,000 guilders , in July 1862 they received approval from the ducal Nassau state government to build a brewery. On January 19, 1863, the creation and on January 28 took place the official licensing of Wiesbaden Actien- brewing company with a capital of 400,000 guilders. The main shareholders were the banker Marcus Berlé, the merchants Christian Bertram and Eduard Hahn, the court procurator Eduard Schick and the Frankfurt banker Adolph Reinach. Of the share capital, 330,000 guilders were used to purchase the Kögler und Hahn brewery, which had been under construction since the previous year, and 70,000 guilders were used to equip the company.
The brewery was geared towards an annual production of 16–20,000 ohms (25,600–32,000 hl). In July 1864, the young was partner Eduard Hahn, a professional grocer and insurance agent, was appointed director of the now completed Brewery - obviously a mistake, because the balance sheet at the end of 1866 showed a deficit of 121,840 guilders. The director Flach, who had already joined Hahn in June 1866, tried to save the company, but had to admit in December 1867 that it was impossible to continue the company.
After the foreclosure auction , the cloth merchant and marble manufacturer Salomon Marix, who came to Eltville from Paris in 1849, and his sons took over the brewery, which was now known as the Marix Brewery . Marix improved the facility and had an 8-10 HP steam engine installed for mashing , the grist mill and all pumps. Dark bottom-fermented draft beer and lager beer was produced in the Bavarian style . In 1871 the Marix brewery was the largest brewery in the city of Wiesbaden, and in 1872 it was designated the most important brewery in South Nassau. Salomon Marix died in Wiesbaden in 1873.
In the following year, the previous director Andreas Urban and his business partner Andreas Ludwig acquired the brewery and founded the Aktien-Gesellschaft, Bierbrauerei and Eiswerk for the manufacture and sale of a pure, tasty beer . They expanded the buildings on the property and had an ice-making machine installed in the newly constructed large cellar building based on the Windhausen cold air machine system . However, these new systems did not give the brewery the desired success, so that the company had to be dissolved on November 12, 1877.
In 1878 the brewery plant came into the possession of the brewery merchant Louis Gratweil from Berlin, who initially operated under the name Louis Gratweil, Bierbrauerei und Eiswerk . On the southern part of the property, he renovated the beer hall , which had apparently no longer been in operation since 1876 and was now called Louis Gratweil's beer cellar . Above all, however, Gratweil remodeled the cellars, had a new Linde ice cream machine installed and improved the operational structure. In 1884 and 1892 new steam engines were installed by the Augsburg machine works with an output of 40–60 and 60–90 hp respectively.
Louis Gratweil died in 1886, his son Hermann Gratweil became heir, who on May 28, 1887, together with the Wiesbaden colonial goods merchant Franz Strasburger and the slaughterhouse director and veterinarian Friedrich Michaelis, founded the joint stock company with the final name Wiesbadener Kronen-Brauerei Aktien-Gesellschaft and beer brewery , Malting and ice works in society. For the brewery's workforce, exemplary social framework conditions were created for the time, with large bedrooms and common rooms with washing and bathing facilities. In addition to the management building , a second large brewery bar was opened in 1888 under the name Zur Kronenburg .
Now the brewery took an economically significant boom. In 1887/1888 26,823 hectoliters were sold, in 1902/1903 already 59,776 and in 1906/1907 even 63,172 hectoliters. From 1897 on, there was also Kronen Gold in the Pilsner brewing style and Doppel-Krone in the Munich brewing style in addition to lager beer . After 1914, the brewery was unable to absorb the sharp drop in sales caused by the war. Economic problems at the end of the First World War meant the decline of the Kronen Brewery . The brewery was transferred to the Schöfferhof Hofbierbrauerei in Mainz in 1918 , and the brewing and restaurant operations were discontinued. From then on, the Wiesbadener Kronen-Brauerei AG only managed its real estate, the entire brewery inventory was sold. From 1920 the company went into liquidation , in 1923 it was deleted from the commercial register.
From 1923
After the liquidation of the Wiesbadener Kronen-Brauerei AG in 1923, the southern parcel (Sonnenberger Straße 80) went to the wine importer and vermouth manufacturer Amedeo Gazzolo, owner of Luigi Gazzolo, Società Anonima, Importazione Vini . From 1970, individual parcels of land were bought by the building contractor Alexander Weber from Eschborn. Instead of the large horse stable and the former barrel hall, he built two large apartment houses. In the 1980s, the elongated half-timbered hall of the former Kronenburg restaurant, including the vaults below, was torn down and a new, larger residential and commercial building was built along the street, which took up the old construction method of the restoration through half-timbered cladding on the upper floors.
The northern, larger part of the brewery property (Sonnenberger Straße 82) was acquired in 1923 by a Mainz liqueur manufacturer and in 1931 by the US citizen Marcel E. du Cassé, who sold the property, apart from a few apartments, to a shipping company and bottled beer shop, a beer publisher and a Rented a car repair shop and ran a gas station here . After the Second World War, numerous other commercial tenants of all kinds were added. In 1956, the married couple Charles and Ursula Even bought the property in order to accommodate the Carl Even beer wholesaler and beverage wholesaler, which had existed in Wiesbaden since 1925, in part of the premises . At the end of the 1950s, Even Kronen Export , stored in the cellars of the former Kronen Brewery Wiesbaden , revived the old brewing tradition. The groin-vaulted cellar of the main building was converted into a restaurant accessible from the street in 1966, in connection with the former brewery bar Zur Kronenburg and Kronenkeller , which was then given the traditional name Alte Krone .
The main buildings from the founding time have been preserved, such as the administration and brewery building from 1862 with the bottling and storage cellars behind, the large cellar building from 1874, the older horse stables, the small residential building to the northwest that was modernized in 2014 (today Haydnstraße 2), as well as the listed building to the south with the vaults of the first brewery bar below.
Brewery building
The following buildings were erected from 1862 to 1864, as the site plan shows around 1864: the main building or the actual brewery with offices, the master brewer's apartment, the tall, barrel-vaulted brewhouse, the machine rooms, the malt store and the malt house . Behind in the mountainside are two arched storage cellars and above them, made of timber, the refrigerated ship . To the north an economic building , south of it the barrel hall , and in the far south of the property above the beer hall the management building called the residential building .
Between 1874 and 1878 a small horse stable, a small house with two company apartments, and a large five-story cellar building with storage cellars, fermentation rooms, a new cooling ship and a machine house, along with a large ice-making machine, were built. Probably in 1884, on the occasion of the installation of new steam engines, the tall chimney was built on the northeast corner of the main building. From 1887, further cellar rooms with a bottled beer filling plant and a larger horse stable were built on the back of the building.
The plan from 1907, which corresponds to the brewery lithograph from 1905, shows the existing building stock of the Kronen Brewery , which remained unchanged until the 1960s. The following new buildings were added between 1887 and 1907: a machine house, a barrel swivel, a Picherei , and accessible from the upper courtyard, a new large horse stable, a forge and two graduation towers, one of which is on the roof of the small house. On the southern part of the property, an elongated half-timbered restaurant and concert hall was built over the existing beer hall , now called Kronen-Keller , in 1888 as an extension of the Kronenburg . There was a garden hall in the restoration garden behind it.
Directors
- Eduard Hahn 1864–1866
- Albert Flach 1866–1867
- Andreas Urban 1870–1873
- Ludwig Rübsamen 1874–1877
- Louis Gratweil 1878–1886
- Wilhelm Wildt 1887–1899
- Franz Strasburger 1899-1903
- Heinrich Finkel 1903–1912
- Adolf Grantzow 1912-1923
Brewmaster
- Michael Birnböck 1864-1867
- Wilhelm Häusler 1870–1871
- Johann Groß 1872–1876
- Otto Müller 1877–1878
- Joseph Leist 1879–1881
- Anton Krome 1882-1883
- Stephan Grill 1884–1887
- Otto Zeh 1888-1896
- Michael Jessernigg 1897-1910
- Johann Henn 1911-1918
reception
In 1958, the budding director Sven Severin shot an - albeit unfinished - crime film in the cellars and shafts of the former brewery.
In his novel Die Burg , published in 2006, the Wiesbaden composer and writer Helmut May , who spent his entire youth in the brewery's buildings, describes in an alienated form the condition and residents of the Kronen Brewery, known in the novel as Kronenburg or Burg for short and 1940s.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Margrit Spiegel: Wiesbaden company letterheads from the imperial era 1871–1914. Wiesbaden 2003, pp. 101-103.
- ↑ a b c Address book of the city of Wiesbaden , from 1860/61.
- ↑ a b Wiesbadener Kronen Brewery Akt.-Ges. Wiesbaden. Eckstein, Berlin 1913.
- ^ Pierre Even : Brewing in the Nassauer Land. In: Sonnenberger Echo , No. 56/1994, pp. 4–10, here p. 8.
- ↑ "W.": The Windhausen cold air machine. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , 5th year 1871, p. 235.
- ^ Steam engines and locomotives: Wiesbadener Kronen-Brauerei Aktiengesellschaft , Albert Gieseler. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
- ↑ One share shown in: http://www.hwph.de/historische-wertpapiere/losnr-auktnr-pa11-951.html
- ↑ Gottlieb Schleusinger: The first two more important beer breweries in Wiesbaden. In: Alt-Nassau, Blätter für Nassauische Geschichte und Kultur-Geschichte , Issue 2/1897, pp. 6–7.
- ↑ The new "Old Crown". In: Wiesbadener Leben, monthly magazine. Wiesbaden: Verlag Kultur u. Wissen, vol. 15, 1966, no.7.
- ^ Sigrid Russ, State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse, Wiesbaden II - The villa areas. Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1988, p. 339 f.
- ↑ Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden, Dept. 3011 No. 3353
- ^ Collection Carl & Pierre Even, Wiesbaden.
- ↑ Helmut May: The castle. Future stories from the past, the present sewn between the lines. Novel. Berlin: Edition Lithaus, 2006, 368 pp. ISBN 978-3-939305-14-9
Coordinates: 50 ° 5 ′ 25.9 ″ N , 8 ° 15 ′ 24.8 ″ E