Wilhelm Freund (classical philologist)

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Wilhelm Freund (born January 27, 1806 in Kempen , South Prussia , † June 4, 1894 in Breslau ) was a German classical scholar .

Life

Wilhelm Freund, the son of Jewish parents, studied in Berlin and Breslau from 1824 , opened a Jewish religious school in Breslau in 1828, which he soon closed again, however, when he was hostile to his orthodox co-religionists. After that he lived mostly in privatization, but was in the meantime a teacher at the Elisabethanum in Breslau and provisionally administered the directorate of the grammar school in Hirschberg from 1848 to 1851 , made a long trip to England in 1851, to Graubünden and Tyrol in 1853 to get to know the Romansh there, was from From 1855 to 1870 director of the higher Israelite community school in Gleiwitz, which was organized according to his plan, and since then has lived in literary activity in Breslau.

Journalistic work

Freund made a name for himself primarily as a lexicographer of the Latin language . So he wrote u. a. a four-volume dictionary of the Latin language based on historical-genetic principles of more than 4,000 pages (evidence of the retro-digital copies in the German Digital Library: see section " Web Links "), which served as the basis for subsequent English and French dictionary projects:

"Freund [...] exerted a particularly great influence on the non-German-speaking area: his four-volume lexicon not only continued to work in French for decades (the translation by N. Theil was reprinted in 1929), but it is mainly from EA Andrews ins English has been translated; this translation is then by Ch.T. Lewis and Ch. Short (1879), and in this form the lexicon has since become a valued aid beyond the English-speaking world. "

The Jewish Encyclopedia says:

“Freund's principal work, 'Dictionary of the Latin Language' […], […], was the foundation of all the Latin-English dictionaries now in existence, and the standard book of reference of its kind for a generation of scholars. It was translated and edited by EA Andrews in 1850, and has been from that time in extensive use throughout England and America. Its competitors in the schools and colleges of both countries are substantially reprints or abridgments of Freund's work. "

Political activism

In addition, Freund was also politically active:

"Freund took an active share in the inner struggle of the Jewish community of Breslau, as well as in the movement for the emancipation of the Jews of Prussia. He was the most influential factor in bringing Abraham Geiger to Breslau. He also edited (1843-44) a monthly under the title 'Zur Judenfrage in Deutschland,' which contains many important contributions by prominent writers, and is of permanent value for the history of both the movements with which Freund identified himself. The 'Preussisches Judengesetz' of July 23, 1847, which still to-day forms the basis of the legal status of the Jewish communities in Prussia, was one of the consequences of Freund's activity. "

“Freund also played an important role in the movement for Jewish emancipation in Prussia; the Jewish law of 1847 was largely due to his efforts. "

Fonts

His main work is:

  • Dictionary of the Latin language (Leipzig 1834–1845, 4 volumes)

He then wrote:

  • Complete dictionary of the Latin language (Breslau 1844–1845, 2 volumes)
  • Latin-German and German-Latin-Greek school dictionary (Berlin 1848–1855, 2 parts)

He later wrote numerous textbooks such as:

  • Preparations for the Greek and Roman school classics , including the Old Testament (the latter with Marx, Leipzig 1862 ff.)
  • Great , a collection of lesson letters to prepare for the high school diploma
  • Walks on classic soil (Wohlfarth, Breslau 1889–1891, 5 booklets; digitized version )

He also wrote:

  • Cicero: pro Milone (Breslau 1828)
  • How do you study philology? (5th edition, Leipzig 1885)
  • Triennium philologicum or basic features of the philological sciences (Leipzig 1874–1876, 6 volumes; 3rd edition. 1885 ff.)
  • Tables of Greek, Roman, German, English, French and Italian literary history (Leipzig 1873–1875, 6 tables)
  • Cicero historicus. Cicero's history (Leipzig 188l)

Web links

Biographical

  • Richard Wolf: Freund, Wilhelm (1806-1894). In: Latin Dictionaries - An Illustrated Bibliography. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018 ; Retrieved on August 22, 2018 (first access: unknown; repeated access as indicated).
  • AR = A [braham Benedict] Rhine friend, Wilhelm. In: Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), The Jewish Encyclopedia . A descriptive record of the history, religion, literature, and customs of the Jewish people from the earliest times to the present day. Volume V, Funk and Wagnalls, New York / London 1903, pp. 509-510; Digitized: A [braham Benedict] Rhine: Freund, Wilhelm. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), pp. 509-510 , accessed on August 22, 2018 . - with "Bibliography:"
  • Freund, Wilhelm (1806-1894). (January 27th, 1806, Kempen - June 4th, 1894, Breslau). Kalliopde-Verbund (supraregional network and at the same time the national documentation tool for bequests, autographs and publisher's archives), accessed on August 22, 2018 (inventory records for manuscripts by W. Freund and mentions of W. Freunds in manuscripts of third parties).
  • Wilhelm Pökel: Freund, Wilhelm (* 1806) . In: Philological Writer's Lexicon . Leipzig 1882, p. 83 ( uni-hamburg.de [accessed on August 22, 2018] Digitization by Teuchos - Center for Manuscript and Text Research (put online: 2012; last update: April 30, 2014)).

[ Critical note on the source: Apart from the chronologically preceding but very short entry in the Philological Writer's Lexicon , almost all of the information appears on Meyers. 4th edition. to be based; at most the two other sites mentioned in the Jewish Encyclopedia - of which in particular the first; chronologically also preceding - could provide a basis for information.]

Digitized works

  • Wilhelm Freund. [List of digitized works by W. Freund <with links>]. In: German Digital Library. Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, accessed on August 22, 2018 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Freund, Wilhelm. In: The New international encyclopaedia. Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby, 1902, p. 825 , accessed on September 4, 2018 (English): "born of Jewish parents" . See Wilhelm Freund (classical philologist) . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 6, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 677 .: “geb. [...] from Israelite parents "
  2. ↑ See:
    • Friend, Wilhelm. In: The New international encyclopaedia. Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby, 1902, p. 825 , accessed on September 4, 2018 (English): "He was educated at Berlin, Breslau and Halle"
    and
    such as
    • A [braham Benedict] Rhine: Friend, Wilhelm. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), p. 509 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English): "He studied in Berlin and Breslau from 1824 to 1828" .
  3. ↑ See:
    • A [braham Benedict] Rhine: Friend, Wilhelm. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), p. 509 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English): “1828, when he opened a Jewish religious school in the latter city [Breslau], but was forced to close it on account of the opposition of the Orthodox "
    and
  4. ^ Wilhelm Freund (classical philologist) . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 6, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 677 .: “lived on this mostly privatizing , but was meanwhile a teacher at the Elisabethanum in Breslau” (emphasis added). Anders ("after his doctorate (1827) mainly worked as a private tutor : first in Breslau, then in Hirschberg (Silesia)"), but without citing the source: Richard Wolf: Freund, Wilhelm (1806-1894). In: Latin Dictionaries - An Illustrated Bibliography. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018 ; Retrieved August 22, 2018 (emphasis added).
  5. ↑ A [braham Benedict] Rhine: friend, William. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), p. 509 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English): "From 1848 to 1851 he was provisional director of the gymnasium of Hirschberg, Silesia" .
  6. ^ Wilhelm Freund (classical philologist) . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 6, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885-1892, p. 677 .: “temporarily administered the directorate of the Hirschberg high school from 1848-51, made a major trip to England in 1851, and to Graubünden and Tyrol in 1853 to explore the local area To get to know Romansh ".
  7. ↑ See:
    • A [braham Benedict] Rhine: Friend, Wilhelm. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), p. 509 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English): "from 1855 to 1870 of the school of the Jewish community of Gleiwitz, which he organized according to plans of his own"
    and
  8. ↑ A [braham Benedict] Rhine: friend, William. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), p. 509 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English): "He then devoted himself exclusively to literary laboratories in the field of philology."
  9. ↑ Dietfried Krömer: Self-evident? Bilingual dictionaries since the 16th century. In: Germania latina - Latinitas teutonica (main page of the congress “Germania latina - latinitas teutonica”, which - organized by the Seminar for Spiritual History and Philosophy of the Renaissance (Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich) - took place in Munich in September 2001). Heinrich C. Kuhn, Eckhard Keßer, 2002, archived from the original on August 21, 2018 ; accessed on August 21, 2018 .
  10. ↑ A [braham Benedict] Rhine: friend, William. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), pp. 509, 510 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English, translation: “Freund's main work, 'Dictionary of the Latin Language' […], […], formed the basis for all of today's Latin-English dictionaries and has been the standard manual for a generation of scholars in its field, translated by EA Andrews in 1859, and has been ready for use in England and America since then, and the books competing in schools and colleges were essential in both countries Reprints or abridged versions of Freund's dictionary. ”).
  11. ↑ A [braham Benedict] Rhine: friend, William. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), p. 510 , accessed on August 22, 2018 . See at the beginning of the quote also Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums Heft 7/1886, p. 93 (= p. 13 of the digitized version ) (the last five lines of the paragraph above right): “This scholar also took an active part in the inner struggles of the Breslauer Gemeinde ('Five letters to Geiger' Breslau 1846) as well as the struggle for the civil status of the Jews in Prussia ('Zur Judenfrage ['] Heft 1–12 Hefte, Berlin and Breslau 1843. 1844.) "
  12. ^ Richard Wolf: Freund, Wilhelm (1806-1894). In: Latin Dictionaries - An Illustrated Bibliography. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018 ; accessed on August 22, 2018 .
  13. ↑ See:
    • Friend, Wilhelm. In: The New international encyclopaedia. Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby, 1902, p. 825 , accessed on September 4, 2018 (English): "His great work is 'Dictionary of the Latin Language' (1834-45)"
    and
    • A [braham Benedict] Rhine: Friend, Wilhelm. In: Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901-1906. Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), pp. 509-510 , accessed on August 22, 2018 (English): “Freund's principal work, 'Dictionary of the Latin Language' (4 vols., Leipsic, 1834-45)” .
  14. ↑ See:
    • Isidore Singer (Projector and Managing Editor), The Jewish Encyclopedia . A descriptive record of the history, religion, literature, and customs of the Jewish people from the earliest times to the present day. Volume V, Funk and Wagnalls: New York / London 1903, xi (Contributors to Volume V): “AR .. ...... A. Rhine, Rabbi, Hot Springs, Ark. "(Also: http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/contribs/329 < Archiving > [04.09.2018])
    and
    • Hot Springs Congregations. In: Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018 ; accessed on September 4, 2018 . : "In 1902, Hot Springs had the good fortune to hire a young man named Abraham Benedict Rhine who had just been ordained by Hebrew Union College. Rabbi Rhine spent his entire thirty-nine-year rabbinic career in Hot Springs, which is the longest continuous rabbinic service in Arkansas Jewish history. "
personal data
SURNAME Friend, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German classical philologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1806
PLACE OF BIRTH Kępno
DATE OF DEATH June 4, 1894
Place of death Wroclaw