Wilhelm von Janowitz

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Wilhelm von Janowitz and Anna von Sachsenheim, epitaph in the Tübingen collegiate church.

Wilhelm von Janowitz and Klenau , also called Böhmer, (* 1489 ; † May 1, 1562 ) was a master builder , captain and bailiff at the Hohenasperg fortress in Württemberg, and master of the Württemberg fortresses.

During the expulsion of Duke Ulrich from Württemberg from 1519 to 1534, Wilhelm von Janowitz proved himself to be a loyal follower. After the re-establishment of the duke, he expanded the Hohenasperg fortress and, after Ulrich's death in 1550, also served his successor, Duke Christoph von Württemberg .

Life

origin

Wilhelm von Janowitz or Wilhelm Janowsky von Janowitz and Klenau was born in 1489 as the 7th of 8 children in Bohemia. His father was Hermann Janowsky von und zu Janowitz, his mother was Margarethe Krschinozin von Krschinowitz (Chrziniowsky von Chrziniowitz). After his Bohemian origin, Wilhelm von Janowitz was also called Böhmer, Böhm or Böhem.

Before Duke Ulrich's expulsion

At a young age Wilhelm von Janowitz was sent to Württemberg and raised there as a noble boy under the protection of Duke Ulrich . According to another source, he came in 1511 with "the Count of Salm" (probably Niklas Count Salm the Elder ) to Württemberg at the court of Duke Ulrich. During the 15-year expulsion of the duke from 1519 to 1534, Wilhelm was one of his loyal followers.

After Duke Ulrich's reinstatement

Hohenasperg after Matthäus Merian , 1643/1656.

In 1534 Ulrich was reinstated as Duke of Württemberg. He recaptured the Hohenasperg and in 1535 appointed his loyal follower Wilhelm to be Burgvogt and Obristzeugmeister of the Württemberg fortresses. Duke Ulrich had "a regular fortress with bastions and towers" built on the mountain, which was given the name Hohenasperg. Wilhelm is likely to have directed the construction work as a builder, even if this is not expressly mentioned otherwise. In any case, a letter from Margrave Karl II of Baden-Durlach to Duke Christoph von Württemberg from 1553 testifies to Wilhelm's reputation as a fortress builder . In this letter, Margrave Christoph's builder Wilhelm von Janowitz asked for support in the planning of his fortifications.

During the Schmalkaldic War , Wilhelm von Janowitz commanded the "entire [Württemberg] artillery, 18 guns with 161 men and 209 horses". In 1547 the Hohenasperg fortress was occupied by imperial troops and only returned to Duke Christoph, the successor of Duke Ulrich, who died in 1550, in 1553. It is not known what duties Wilhelm performed during the six-year occupation of the fortress. In 1550 the manor Ditzingen was given to him as a fief, which remained in the family until 1665. In 1553 he was reinstated as captain of the fortress by Duke Christoph. A crew of 40 was subordinate to him.

Wilhelm was married twice and had 6 children. He died at the age of 73 on May 1, 1562. A double epitaph in the Tübingen collegiate church (→ epitaph ) commemorates him and his first wife, who had died 9 years before him .

family

Janowitz coat of arms until 1653.
Janowitz coat of arms from 1653.

In 1540 Wilhelm von Janowitz married Anna von Sachsenheim († 1553), the daughter of Reinhard von Sachsenheim († 1560) and Margareta von Sachsenheim († 1556). The marriage produced 5 children, including sons Johann and Hermann von Janowitz. After the death of his first wife in 1553, Wilhelm married Ursula Rau von Winnenden. From this marriage a daughter was born.

Johann von Janowitz

Johann von Janowitz (1542–1575), son of Wilhelm von Janowitz, came to France as a child, where he was called "Besme" (= Böhme) and was raised in the von Guise family. He became stable master of Duke Heinrich von Guise and in 1572 married his niece Anna von Arne, the daughter of Cardinal Louis II. De Lorraine-Guise . On Bartholomew's Night in 1572, Johann von Janowitz killed Admiral Gaspard de Coligny , a leader of the Huguenots, under the leadership of the Duke of Guise . Johann von Janowitz died in 1575 at the hands of a Coligny party member.

Hermann von Janowitz

Hermann von Janowitz (1544–1590), son of Wilhelm von Janowitz, served as Obervogt zu Gröningen and Bietigheim, 1579–1588 as Obervogt zu Sachsenheim and 1589–1590 as steward of Württemberg. In 1589 he donated a stained glass window by the Tuttlingen glass painter Ulrich Pfeifer with the family coat of arms of the von Janowitz family for the town hall in Sachsenheim, which was demolished in 1958. The son Ludwig von Janowitz emerged from his marriage to Agnes von Sternenfels (1562 – after 1625). In 1578 Hermann von Janowitz acquired the new Sachsenheim house in Stuttgart at Schmalen Strasse 3 from Duke Christoph von Württemberg. In 1688 the house was still owned by the widow of Hermann's grandson Friedrich Ludwig von Janowitz .

Ludwig von Janowitz

Ludwig von Janowitz (1583–1641), son of Hermann von Janowitz, was appointed Oberrat of Württemberg in 1607 and Obervogt of Kirchheim unter Teck in 1624. From his second marriage to Ursula Sibylla von Hallweil (1587–1637 / 1638) the son Friedrich Ludwig von Janowitz emerged. In 1641 Ludwig von Janowitz was sent to the Reichstag in Regensburg as the Württemberg ambassador, where he died on May 31, 1641.

Friedrich Ludwig von Janowitz

Friedrich Ludwig von Janowitz (1618–1673), son of Ludwig von Janowitz, was enfeoffed in 1638 as a Württemberg senior councilor and in 1653 with the inheritance office of the Duchy of Württemberg. He then changed the family coat of arms, which now showed the previous family coat of arms in two quarters and a lidded cup in each of the other two quarters. In 1658 he was councilor and governor of Brackenheim and in 1669 councilor and committee member of the Imperial Knights' village of Kocher. His marriage to Benigna Veronika Schaffalitzki von Muckadell (1622–1690) remained childless. He died in 1673 as the last member of the Württemberg line of the von Janowitz family.

epitaph

Epitaph of Wilhelm von Janowitz and his wife.
Epitaph of Hans Melchior von Sachsenheim and his wife.

After the death of his first wife Anna von Sachsenheim in 1553, Wilhelm von Janowitz had a double epitaph made by the sculptor Joseph Schmid from Urach , which was installed in the Tübingen collegiate church .

The epitaph consists of a slab of sandstone divided into two fields. The upper field shows a relief with a double window under a pillar-supported double arch and the half-figures of the deceased. In prayer they turn to the small crucifix that is attached to the gusset between the arches of the window. At the left corners there are two coats of arms of the lords of Janowitz, on the right two buffalo horn coats of arms of the lords of Sachsenheim. The lower field bears the inscription.

A similar epitaph, which was created four years after the Janowitz epitaph, is in the town church of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian in Sachsenheim. It was created in 1559 for Hans Melchior von Sachsenheim († 1559), a brother of Wilhelm von Janowitz's wife Anna von Sachsenheim, and his wife Margaretha von Venningen († 1569) and, according to the type and largely also in the inscription text, agrees with the Janowitz- Epitaph match.

literature

  • Kurt Bachteler: History of the City of Großsachsenheim. Großsachsenheim: Handels- und Gewerbeverein, 1962, page 77, figure 29.
  • Kurt Bachteler: Sachsenheim: Gate to the Stromberg. Sachsenheim: Stadt, 1975, pp. 83-85.
  • Max Biffart: History of the Württemberg fortress Hohenasperg and its strangest prisoners. Stuttgart: Karl Aue, 1858, online .
  • Theodor Demmler: The grave monuments of the Württemberg Princely House and their masters in the XVI. Century. In: Studies on German Art History , year 1910, issue 129, page 95, 112–114, online .
  • Karl Eduard Paulus: Description of the Oberamt Leonberg, Ditzingen. Stuttgart: JB Müller's Verlagshandlung, 1852, page 111, online .
  • Hans Rott: Art and artists at the Baden-Durlacher Hof until the founding of Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe: Müller, 1917, pages 20-21, 32, 164-165, online .
  • Christian Friedrich Sattler: History of the Duchy Würtenberg under the government of the dukes, Volume 2. Ulm: Stettin, 1770, page 41, online .
  • Carl Friedrich Schilling von Cannstatt: Gender description of those families of Schilling. Stuttgart: Müller, 1807, pages 357-358.
  • Theodor Schön: Bohemian noble families in Württemberg: From Janowitz. In: Monthly newspaper of the quays. Kings Heraldic Society "Adler" , Volume 4, 1896, pages 16-18, online .
  • GA Seyler: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms, VI. Volume, 2nd Division; Dead aristocracy from Württemberg. Nuremberg: Bauer & Raspe, 1911. Page 217, plate 120, online .
  • Johann Ulrich Steinhofer: Honor of the Duchy Wirtenberg in its most noble regents: or New Wirtenberg Chronicle. Tübingen: Cotta, 1744, page 690, online .
  • Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart. The oldest buildings, views and city plans up to 1800. With city history, architectural history and art history explanations. Stuttgart 1954, pages 44-45.

Web links

Commons : Coat of arms of those von Janowitz  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ #Schilling 1807 , page 357, Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, reference number A 44 U 22 of July 8, 1555 .
  2. ↑ #Steinhofer 1744 , page 690, #Sattler 1770 , page 41.
  3. ↑ #Seyler 1911 . - Duke Ulrich was the son of Count Heinrich von Württemberg from his first marriage. Ulrich's father was married to Countess Eva von Salm, a relative of the Count of Salm.
  4. ↑ #Steinhofer 1744 , page 690, #Sattler 1770 , page 41.
  5. ↑ #Seyler 1911 .
  6. ↑ #Biffart 1858 , pp. 18-19, 151.
  7. ↑ #Rott 1917 .
  8. ↑ #Biffart 1858 , pp. 21, 23, 151.
  9. ↑ #Schilling 1807 , page 357.
  10. ↑ #Bachteler 1975 , pages 83–85 with color illustration, catalog of inscriptions: Landkreis Ludwigsburg . - Last whereabouts of the glass window: Mayor's room in Großsachsenheim Palace .
  11. ↑ #Bachteler 1962 , page 77, #Wais 1954.2 , page 44-45.
  12. ↑ Imperial knight place Kocher: meaning unknown.
  13. ↑ #Seyler 1911 , #Paulus 1852 , #Bachteler 1975 , page 83, #Bachteler 1962 , page 77, # Schön 1896 .
  14. ↑ #Demmler 1910 , inscription Catalog of the district Ludwigsburg .
personal data
SURNAME Janowitz, Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bohemian; Bohem; Bohm; Janowsky from Janowitz, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German builder and bailiff
DATE OF BIRTH 1489
DATE OF DEATH May 1, 1562