Niklas von Salm

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Coat of arms of the Salm-Neuburg line founded by Niklas Graf von Salm

Niklas Graf von Salm ( genealogical Nikolaus II. Zu Salm ); as the ruling Count of Neuburg also Nikolaus I von Salm-Neuburg , sometimes also referred to as Niklas Graf Salm the Elder (* 1459 in Niedersalm in the Ardennes , Belgium ; † May 4, 1530 on the Salmhof estate , Marchegg municipality , Lower Austria ), was a commander of the Renaissance . His most important achievement was the defense of the imperial capital Vienna against the Turkish siege of 1529 .

Life

Statue on Vienna City Hall Square (sculptor: Mathias Purkartshofer), 1867
Grafschaft Neuburg with the castles Neuburg and Wernstein ( Vischer , 1674)

Niklas von Salm came from the Luxembourg line of the House of Salm and was the younger son of Johann IV. Count zu Salm, Baron von Viviers (1431–1485) and his wife Margarete von Sierck (1437–1520).

As a 17-year-old Niklas Graf Salm took part in the battle of Murten against Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1476 . In 1488 he took part in the fighting in Flanders and three years later was appointed supreme imperial field captain.

In 1509 he fought under Georg von Frundsberg in Italy. He succeeded in conquering Istria . In the Battle of Pavia in 1525, Niklas Graf Salm was involved in the capture of King Franz I of France, and one year later, in 1526, during the Peasants' War in Tyrol , he put down the peasant uprising and conquered Schladming .

He was one of the commanders at the beginning of the First Austrian Turkish War . In 1529 he organized the successful defense of the city during the first Turkish siege of Vienna , for which he was enfeoffed in the same year with the imperial county of Neuburg . The consequences of an injury sustained by a falling stone while defending the town, but also the hardships he had endured during his long career as a soldier, ultimately led to his death in 1530.

Niklas Graf Salm was married to Elisabeth von Roggendorf , with whom he had four sons and four daughters. His descendants formed until its expiry date of the family in the male line in 1784 the sideline Salm-Neuburg the house Salm . His older surviving son, Nikolaus II (1503–1550), succeeded him as Count von Salm and owner of Neuburg , and his younger surviving son, Wolfgang , became Prince-Bishop of Passau. His great-great-niece Christine von Salm became the ancestor of the Imperial House of Habsburg-Lothringen .

His great-nephew, Count Anton von Salm , saved as the last abbot of the monastery Hornbach the relics of St Pirminius before accessing the attached the Reformation sovereign and worked 1556/57 as president of the Imperial Chamber at Speyer .

Honors and reception

Grave of Count Salm in the Votive Church Vienna
Year badge "Graf Salm" of the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt

By the imperial resolution of Franz Joseph I. from 28 February 1863 Niklas Graf Salm was "famous, to the everlasting emulation worthy warlords and generals of Austria" in the list of added, in whose honor and souvenirs also life-size statues in the general hall of the then newly The Imperial and Royal Court Weapons Museum (today: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien ) were built. The statue for Count Salm was created in 1871 by the sculptor Franz Erler (1829–1911) from Carrara marble and was dedicated by former Count Salm-Reifferscheid.

His tomb, created by the sculptor Loy Hering , is on loan from the princes and former counts of Salm-Reifferscheidt in the Vienna Votive Church (previously in the Dorotheerkirche ).

In 1862 the Salmgasse in Wien- Landstrasse (3rd district) was named after him.

Salm is one of the central characters in Wolfgang Hohlbein's novel Die Wiederkehr .

As a commemoration, the 2006 class of the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt chose the name “Graf Salm”.

literature

Web links

Commons : Niklas von Salm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See his ancestor of the same name (Nikolaus I, † 1343, 1336 Count von Salm, 1337 Herr von Püttlingen; ∞ Margareta, daughter of Emich von Blamont) in the family list of the Salm family and the numbering by Constantin von Wurzbach : Salm, Niklas ( II.) Count . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 28th part. Imperial and Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1874, pp. 135–138 ( digital copy ).
  2. ↑ Family list of the Salm family
  3. ^ Special issue of the Federal Monuments Office No. 15, Orth an der Donau , p. 14.
  4. ↑ Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. The museum and its representative rooms. Kiesel, Salzburg 1981, ISBN 3-7023-0113-5 , p. 30
personal data
SURNAME Salm, Niklas von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salm, Nikolaus Graf; Salm, Niklas von; Salm, Niklas Graf too
BRIEF DESCRIPTION General of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH 1459
PLACE OF BIRTH Niedersalm in the Ardennes , Belgium
DATE OF DEATH May 4, 1530
Place of death at Gut Salmhof , Marchegg municipality , Lower Austria