Wind art
The Wind Art uses as a design element, the element air . "Wind art" is a work in which landscape, wind and a work of art are related. The forms of expression in wind art include objects, sculptures, installations, videos and performances.
Mythological and religious background
In the biblical creation story, God models man in his own image , breathes breath into him and gives him a soul . The Latin word "anima" (= the soul) has the same root word as the Greek term "anemoi" for the gods of the wind. Ancient Greece distinguished four main winds: Zephyros from the west brought the spring, Notos from the south brought the summer, Euros came with the autumn from the east and Boreas with the winter from the north.
Wind art and nature
Naturally, objects of wind art cannot be presented in a museum, but find their place of exhibition in the great outdoors. Due to their existence in nature, they are exposed to its diverse influences, ie they are not "completed" works, but are subject to further processes of change after their creation.
Wind art is related to the Land Art of Richard Long , Robert Smithson or Walter de Maria . Both are located in the great outdoors. A landscape exhibition stages art and landscape and the natural element wind together.
Wind art and architectural space
Wind art objects can be found in the context of art in buildings or art in public spaces . She opposes fixed structures to the moment of the fleeting, gives strict contours something poetic, and creates new perspectives through irritation. More recently, more conceptual artistic approaches have come into play, which do not seek the classic connection to architecture, but rather have a temporary, interventionist or virtual character.
Wind art and kinetic art
Wind art is related to kinetic art , both aim at movement as a new artistic design principle. Kinetic art uses mechanical, machine, computer-controlled or natural driving forces. The kinetic sculpture detaches itself from the statics, brings change into play and often incorporates light and sound as design elements, but can also unfold outside of nature in closed rooms, so movement sequences are not exclusively due to the random force of the wind, but can get through the artist can be precisely determined.
Wind art in the 20th and 21st centuries
In 1932 Marcel Duchamp coined the concept of the mobile during a visit to Alexander Calder in Paris, whose abstract sculptures can be set in motion by motors, water, wind or by hand. The Mobiles Calders had a great influence on kinetic art. One of its most important representatives is the American sculptor George Rickey . Since the 1950s he has been creating sculptures that are constructed in such a way that their elements move with the slightest breath of air, without the aid of any mechanical or machine force. From 1952 to 1999 the Basque artist Eduardo Chillida worked on his “Peines del viento” (wind combs), of which 23 were created. The steel wind combs installed on the rocky coast of the Bay of Biscay from 1974 to 1977 produce a dull sound created by the wind and surf.
For the representatives of the ZERO group, founded in 1957 by Heinz Mack , Otto Piene and Günther Uecker , light in interaction with movement is of central importance. They created dynamic light oscillations in space and, especially in the period after their separation in 1966, sought the dialogue between art and landscape independently of one another. From 1959 Piene created light ballets and smoke pictures and from 1968 developed his “Sky Art Projects”, shapes filled with helium that are moved by the wind. Mack, who to this day prefers the open natural space for his sculptures, realized his "Sahara Project" in 1968 with light installations in the desert.
The motif of the wind in video art is of great metaphorical importance, for example in Bill Viola's “The Greeting” from 1995, in “The Wind” by Eija-Liisa Ahtila from 2002 or Patricija Gilyte with her video 360 ° Heed, the Wind as a sculptor.
In the 21st century, installations are created in a variety of ways in which the wind has a creative effect and enters into dialogue with the viewer. The artist can let the wind play freely or use his powers in a very calculated way. Anish Kapoor works with the wind in a spectacular way and in 2003 created an almost ten meter high tornado of steam in the Galleria continua in San Gimignano in Tuscany . In 2011, as part of the 54th Venice Biennale, he installed a white column of smoke in the church of San Giorgio Maggiore, which connected the altar and dome and symbolized the transcendence of the idea of resurrection.
Since 2004 the international art competition "moved wind" has been held, which is advertised by the "moved wind" eV - Association for the Promotion of Wind Art and Intercultural Communication. The wind art festival takes place every two years with changing competition themes. The curator of the landscape exhibition is Reta Reinl. The 8th moving wind with the theme "changing horizons" will take place from August 14th to 28th, 2016 in Hofgeismar and Trendelburg .
In 2013 the first Austrian wind power art competition “Make wind for your art” took place. The aim was the artistic processing of "Wind". A jury, made up of the largest art associations in the federal states of Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, selected the 17 top-placed works of art.
In 2016 the second Austrian wind power art competition took place with the same jury as in 2013 under the motto “Use the wind's favor”. Almost 400 wind works of art were submitted. The curator of the closing opening was Lukas Pawek from IG Windkraft. 21 works of art were awarded. The main prize that went to the artist Julia Bichler was the artistic design of the first wind turbine from the foot to the machine house in Central Europe.
Artist
- Eija-Liisa Ahtila
- Daniel Buren
- Alexander Calder
- Eduardo Chillida
- Christo and Jeanne-Claude
- Walter De Maria
- Irene Anton (1st prize "moved wind" 2004)
- Marcel Pinas (1st prize "moved wind" 2005)
- Ursula Sax (1st prize "moved wind" 2006)
- Patricija Gilyte (1st prize "moved wind" 2008)
- Joachim Römer (1st prize "moving wind" 2010)
- Haiyuan Wang (1st prize "moving wind" 2012)
- Hannah Streefkerk (1st prize "moved wind" 2014)
literature
- Gernot Böhme: atmosphere. Essays on the new aesthetic. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1995.
- Gernot Böhme, Hartmut Böhme: Fire Earth Water Air. A cultural history of the elements. CH Beck, Munich 1996.
- Hartmut Böhme: The elements in art. Paragrana Vol. 5, Issue 1, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1996.
- Alessandro Nova: The Book of Wind. Making the invisible visible. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06720-2 .
- Exhibition catalog Nassauischer Kunstverein Wiesbaden: The Sculptor's Material. The Material of the Sculptor. Exhibition series on contemporary sculpture. 3rd exhibition: Luft, May 5 - June 16, 1996, with texts by Gottfried Hafemann.
- Exhibition catalog Speicher Husum: Windfang. A wind art symposium. 13 artists, 8 music and theater groups work on the topic of wind. Edited by Urte Andresen, Alexandra Lammers, Johannes Rühl and Inge Gehm, Husum 1995.
- Exhibition catalog City of Husum and Museum Association of North Friesland: HUSUMwindART I. Photography, installation, performance. Branko Smon, Felix Droese, Elsbeth Arlt, Julia Bornefeld, Jaschi Klein. Edited by Rüdiger Otto von Brocken and Uwe Hauenthal, Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2007.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The wind as a sculptor ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ moving wind - the association. In: www.motter-wind.de. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Reta Reinl: "moving wind" data facts. In: data facts. moving wind e. V., 2014, accessed July 2, 2016 .
- ↑ http://www.igwindkraft.at/index.php?mdoc_id=1018297
- ↑ igwindkraft.at - Buy wind art - All award-winning works of art of the 2nd wind art competition - picture archive. In: www.igwindkraft.at. Retrieved November 17, 2016 .
- ↑ igwindkraft.at - wind turbines and aesthetics - press releases. In: www.igwindkraft.at. Retrieved November 17, 2016 .
