Windmill Johanna
The windmill Johanna is a listed Dutch windmill in the Hamburg district of Wilhelmsburg . It was built in its current form in 1875, but a windmill at this location has been known since 1585. Grain was still ground on "Johanna" until 1960. Today it is preserved as a memorial to the rural Wilhelmsburg.
The windmill is elevated on a dike above a branching system of ditches and ponds that belong to the Wilhelmsburger Dove Elbe . Together with the historical half-timbered miller's house, it forms a closed ensemble, which is complemented by a bakery built in 2013 based on a historical model and traditional half-timbered construction. Between the mill and the bakery, there is a paved and tree-planted space that is used for the summer garden of the mill café, but also as a space for stands at the mill festivals.
history
Today's windmill at Schönenfelder Straße 99a is the fifth windmill at this location. In 1991, correspondence between Duke Otto II of Braunschweig and Lüneburg in Harburg and his cousin and ruling prince, Duke Wilhelm (the Younger) of Braunschweig and Lüneburg in Celle, was discovered in the Hanover State Archives . Accordingly, knight Otto X. Grote built a post mill on the island of Stillhorn (today part of Wilhelmsburg) in 1585 . This innovation would also result in a noticeable demolition and damage to the mill in Harburg.
First windmill (1585–1705)
The first "Wilhelmsburger" mill was built as a post mill between July 17th and August 31st, 1585 on the Schönenfelde of Stillhorn Island. In a letter dated September 24, 1585, Otto Grote informs Duke Wilhelm that the people of Stillhorn have not been subject to any mill pressure since time immemorial, neither in Harburg nor anywhere else. Rather, depending on their liking, they had grindings in Hamburg, Bergedorf or Harburg. A mill compulsion in Harburg would only be fatal if there was a risk of death, especially in winter when there was ice on the Elbe . It is also not correct that the Stillhorns had offered him money to prevent the windmill from being built. Rather, they would have lent him the money to make the construction possible. Otto Grote goes on to state that he received the Stillhorn with high and low court from his master, Count Adolf von Holstein-Schauenburg, as a fief. Duke Wilhelm is therefore not entitled to give instructions to him. After 120 years the mill became dilapidated and was demolished.
Second windmill (1705-1718)
A second post mill was built in the same place in 1705 and fell victim to a fire in 1718.
Third windmill (1719–1813)
In 1719 the post mill was rebuilt. Napoleonic troops besieged Hamburg and burned down the mill and miller's apartment on March 9, 1813, as well as the mills on the Veddel , in Ochsenwerder and Billwerder . At that time, Müller was Henning Cordes, who had owned the mill since 1807.
Fourth windmill (1814–1874)
In December 1814, a gallery Dutchman was built for the first time in place of the burned down post mill, which was completed at the end of 1815. On October 24, 1874, this mill also caught fire in the upper area and burned down. At that time, the owner and miller was the son of the late Henning Cordes, Christoph Cordes, who was married to the daughter of a farm owner on the Kornweide. In March 1840 they had a son, Johann Wilhelm Cordes , who later became the founder and director of the Ohlsdorf cemetery .
Fifth windmill (since 1875 until today)
After the fire, Christoph Cordes immediately commissioned the construction of a new gallery dumpster, which was completed in 1875. Christoph Cordes died in 1886 and in 1890 his daughter Marie Auguste took over the mill with her husband Karl Blohm. In 1907 they went bankrupt, and several changes of ownership followed. Erwin Sievers was the last master miller at the Wilhelmsburg mill. He did not find a suitable successor and sold the windmill, which had already been protected as a technical cultural monument in 1941, to the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg on April 12, 1961. Sprinkenhof AG, responsible for the Hamburg property, took over the administration . Several tenants and various uses followed, the structural condition deteriorated visibly. With effect from May 1, 1997, the Wilhelmsburger Windmühlenverein e. V. the heritable building right to the mill for 30 years. The non-profit association completely restored the mill from 1997–1998 and also in 2000 and maintains the listed building. The mill was christened for the first time in its history when the mill was put back into operation as part of the 5th German Milling Day in 1998. Since then she has been called Johanna. The name giver and godmother is the last miller born in 1904, Mrs. Johanna Sievers. At the end of 2004, a new road that runs from Fitgerweg in the west towards the windmill and turns south at the height of the mill and just before the pond and ends in the street "Bei der Windmühle" was named Christoph-Cordes-Straße .
Mill type and technology
Johanna is a typical gallery Dutchman. The base is a massive, square stone building in white, above it a wooden gallery. Above the gallery another, evenly octagonal base for the wooden, thatched structure, the octagonal, equipped with venetian blinds and a compass rose. The area exposed to wind is either reduced or enlarged by opening or closing the flaps. The main drive, the vertical shaft that drives the large spur gear, is located in the octagon. Two functional sack lifts are installed one floor above, with which (only when the mill is rotating) sacks of grain can be pulled up from the ground floor into the octagon. Both the vertical shaft and the bag lifts have been functional again since the restoration in 1997/1998 and are regularly started and demonstrated.
Regular events and plans
Johanna takes part in the German Milling Day , and the Wilhelmsburger Mühlenverein eV celebrates and organizes the mill festival with its own program. On this day, a bus company drives to Johanna and other mills in Hamburg and the surrounding area. Weddings can also take place in Johanna, because the mill is also a wedding mill. Weddings and, on request, wedding celebrations take place together with the registry office of the Mitte district. Every year at Easter the Easter market takes place, in November the slaughter festival is celebrated with a pig that has already been slaughtered and is delivered on time. The Mühlencafé is located on the ground floor and is open at certain times. There is the senior café, game evenings or the Low German regulars' table . If the weather is good, coffee and cake will also be served on the forecourt. In the long term and already in preparation, the mill is planned as an extracurricular learning location with pedagogical support, a supplement to the specialist teaching in schools, as well as the construction of a mill museum. The bakehouse belonging to the ensemble was rebuilt and opened in 2013. The entire Wilhelmsburger Mühle ensemble with the miller's house and the new bakery, the paved forecourt with a half-avenue of box linden trees in an idyllic location by a small pond documents the rural Wilhelmsburg and is at the same time a technical cultural monument .
literature
- Ralf Cordes: Duke Otto II against the new windmill in the Stillhorn , Die Insel, magazine of the local history association in Wilhelmsburg from 1907 eV, Hamburg 1991
- Albertus Gehrkens: Historical news about the Elbe island Wilhelmsburg , Wilhelmsburg 1896
- Street directory (2011) of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg: Christoph-Cordes-Straße, letter C, page 39, 21109 Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg, street code C039
Web links
- Wilhelmsburger Mühlenverein eV - Mill history
- Association of historical windmills eV-Mühlenbau
- Cultural monuments in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg
- Wilhelmsburger Windmühlenverein eV
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments. In: hamburg.de. Retrieved July 22, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e Wilhelmsburger Windmühlenverein - mill history. Retrieved June 24, 2018 .
- ^ Anne Klesse: Street named after Christoph Cordes . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on July 3, 2018]).
- ^ Verein Historische Windmühlen eV Accessed June 24, 2018 .
- ^ Wilhelmsburger Windmühlenverein - Mill technology. Retrieved June 24, 2018 .
- ↑ NDR: Mill Day: The mills open on Whit Monday . ( ndr.de [accessed June 24, 2018]).
- ↑ Wilhelmsburger Windmühlenverein - home page. Retrieved June 24, 2018 .
Coordinates: 53 ° 29 ′ 59.2 ″ N , 10 ° 1 ′ 23.5 ″ E