Hamburg-Billwerder

Billwerder district of Hamburg
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Coordinates	53 ° 29 '57 "  N , 10 ° 8' 4"  E Coordinates: 53 ° 29 '57 "  N , 10 ° 8' 4"  E
surface	9.5 km²
Residents	3359 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	354 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	210 ..
prefix	040
district	Bergedorf
Transport links
S-Bahn Hamburg
Source: Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein

Billwerder ( Low German : Billwarder ) is a Hamburg district in the Bergedorf district .

Until well into the 20th century, the name Billwärder referred to a much larger landscape between the rivers Bille and (Dove) Elbe , which also includes the current districts of Allermöhe , Billbrook , Moorfleet , Neuallermöhe , Rothenburgsort and the western part of Bergedorf ( Nettelnburg ). To distinguish it from the other settlements mentioned, especially those on the Elbe side, the current district was called Billwärder an der Bille until 1949 .

geography

Today's Billwerder is surrounded clockwise by the Hamburg districts of Billbrook (northwest), Billstedt (north), Lohbrügge (northeast), Bergedorf (southeast), Neuallermöhe (south), Allermöhe (southwest) and Moorfleet (west).

The district is located in a damp marshland and is sparsely populated. Billwerder forms the transition from the rural Vier- und Marschlanden to the industrial and commercial areas on the eastern edge of the Port of Hamburg . In this respect, horticulture and agriculture on the one hand, and also commercial areas and the directly surrounding traffic arteries such as the federal motorway 1 , the federal highway 5 and the Berlin-Hamburg railway line shape the face of the district.

history

The island of Billwärder around 1790. Today's part of the town is called "Billkirche".

Map of Hamburg, with "Billwärder ad Bille" around 1895

Bell house 1885

Billwerder motifs 1907

The name Bill werder means something like "island in the bill ". The settlement of this marshland began around 1150. The then Saxon settlers built dykes on the Bill- and Ochsenwerder after the Dutch model. They drained the area and practiced agriculture. In 1320 heavy storm surges devastated the villages of Billwerder, Allermöhe and Moorfleet. In 1331 the villages sold their church bells to finance a new dike.

In 1385, the Hamburg councilor Albert Hoyer and his cousin Johannes Hoyer purchased Billwerder from Count Adolf VII of Holstein, initially as a pledge . In 1395 the city of Hamburg finally bought Adolf's son Otto I von Schaumburg Billwerder and other villages in the area of ​​today's marshland for 2,400 marks in order to secure the Elbe shipping and trade in their own interest. Hamburg set up the Landherrschaft Bill- and Ochsenwerder , which took over the administration of the Billwerder. This meant that a Hamburg councilor exercised the rights of the city as a landlord; here he was supported by land and peasant bailiffs with sovereign powers. The city built and financed new dykes so that Billwerder was largely secured in the 15th century.

As in Moorfleet, most of the farmers grew hops and grain , and they sold the hops to the Hamburg breweries for the production of beer . In 1627, during the Thirty Years' War , Billwerder was sacked by the imperial army. In 1675 Danish troops crossed the place and in 1686 the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg occupied Billwerder. Large parts of the population became impoverished as a result of the military conflicts. The population gradually recovered as a result of the conversion from growing cereals to vegetables.

In 1830 the rulership of the marshland was established , into which Billwerder passed. After 1850 a huge commercial and industrial area developed in the northeast of Billwerder, which in 1913 became a separate district of Billbrook. In the north-west, on the other hand, a densely populated area emerged that became the suburb of Billwerder Ausschlag in 1871 , was given the status of a district in 1894 and was at least partially renamed Rothenburgsort in 1938 .

Agriculture with arable farming, cattle breeding and flower growing is now predominantly practiced on the almost 10 square kilometers that remained. In 1962 Billwerder suffered severe damage from the flood disaster .

In the course of the refugee crisis in Germany in 2015/2016 , the largest follow-up accommodation for refugees in Germany was built in Billwerder. Apartments for 2,500 refugees were built on the street "Am Gleisdreieck".

In 2017, the planning of the new Oberbillwerder district began. This is to be built north of the S-Bahn line in the area of ​​the Allermöhe station.

statistics

• Minor quota: 30.9% [Hamburg average: 16.3% (2017)].
• Elderly rate: 8.4% [Hamburg average: 18.2% (2017)].
• Proportion of foreigners: 70.1% [Hamburg average: 17.1% (2017)].
• Unemployment rate: 1.0% [Hamburg average: 5.2% (2017)].

The average income per taxpayer in Billwerder is 30,575 euros annually (2013), the Hamburg average is 39,054 euros.

politics

For the election to Hamburg citizenship , Billwerder belongs to the constituency of Bergedorf . The 2015 state election led to the following result:

• SPD 55.5% (+2.9)
• CDU 10.3% (-12.6)
• Left 9.1% (+3.3)
• AfD 8.7% (+8.7)
• Green 7.2% (-1.4)
• FDP 5.6% (± 0.0)
• Other 3.6% (-0.9)

Culture and sights

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Hamburg-Billwerder

Buildings

The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Nicholas was built between 1737 and 1739. The associated pastorate was built in 1833, the parish hall in 1905. The church burned down in 1911 during soldering work. The new building, inaugurated in 1913, was built on the old walls of the church.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture

About half of the total area is used for agriculture by various farms.

Railway systems

Billwerder transshipment station

Between 1991 and 1993, a transshipment station for combined transport of DUSS , a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn , was built in Billwerder , in which around 180,000 loading units (mainly containers ) are transshipped from road to rail and vice versa every year. On November 5, 2012, a third so-called transshipment module with a usable length of 575 m, four loading tracks and two gantry cranes as well as the associated street-side loading and parking lanes was put into operation.

Train

The S-Bahn stops Billwerder-Moorfleet and Mittlerer Landweg are on the S-Bahn line in Billwerder, which runs parallel to the Berlin – Hamburg line.
The Billwerder-Moorfleet stop was opened on May 7, 1842 as a demand stop for the Hamburg-Bergedorfer Railway . S-Bahn operations with direct current trains began on June 1, 1958. The Hamburg Marschbahn crossed here at right angles from 1928 to 1952 on the route from Billbrook to Zollenspieker .

Broadcasting station

Since May 2, 1924, there has been a large radio transmitter on the Billwerder site, which has been expanded to become the Billwerder-Moorfleet transmitter .

Social facilities

In 2000, the construction of the Billwerder correctional facility began directly on the Federal Highway 1 on an area of ​​almost 200,000 square meters . The first construction phase went into operation in June 2003 and the second construction phase was completed in February 2006. The new institution, equipped with 803 places, replaced the Neuengamme correctional facility , which partly stood on the site of the former Neuengamme concentration camp .

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  St. Nikolai Church

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  The 304 m high transmission mast of the NDR

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  Modernized S-Bahn station Billwerder-Moorfleet, behind it the transshipment station Billwerder

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  The former station building

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  The monument from 1895 for the 500th anniversary ...

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  ... the union of Billwerders with Hamburg in 1395

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  The "bell house" with the German painter and varnishing museum

See also

• List of streets, squares and bridges in Hamburg-Billwerder
• List of cultural monuments in Hamburg-Billwerder

literature

• Harald Richert: 1395–1995: The Marshlands 600 years near Hamburg . In Lichtwark booklet , No. 59, December 1994. Ed. Lichtwark Committee, Bergedorf. (See now: Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf. ISSN  1862-3549 ).
• Daniel Tilgner (Ed.): Hamburg from Altona to Zollenspieker. The Haspa manual for all districts of the Hanseatic city. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-455-11333-8 .
• Village community Billwärder an der Bille: Billwerder lives - 1395–1995 - 600 years ago Billwärder fell to Hamburg . 1st edition. 1995.
• Village community Billwärder an der Bille: From Billwärder an der Bille, 20 years of the village community Billwärder an der Bille e. V. since January 4, 1988, 1st edition. 1988.

Web links

Commons : Hamburg-Billwerder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Billwerder: Worth knowing and seeing. ( Memento from December 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Hamburg.de
• Billwerder cultural landscape area. ( Memento from May 23, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) Hamburg.de
• HambStR. In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin (Ed.): German legal dictionary .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jürgen Sarnowsky : Hoyer, Albert . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 3 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0081-4 , p. 174 .
2. ^ Richard Reinert: Höfe in Billwerder around 1435 . In Lichtwark No. 48, December 1984. Ed. Lichtwark Committee, Bergedorf. (See now: Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf. ISSN  1862-3549 ).
3. ↑ Hamburg.de, Billwerder: Knowledge and Sights ( Memento from December 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ The asylum crisis Billwerder
5. ↑ Billwerder Gleisdreieck Hardly any Germans get lost here
6. ↑ Quota of minors in the Hamburg districts in 2017
7. ↑ Proportion of 65-year-olds and older in the Hamburg districts in 2017
8. ↑ Proportion of foreigners in the Hamburg districts in 2017
9. ↑ Unemployment rate in the Hamburg districts in 2017
10. ↑ Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Hamburg District Profile 2016 (=  NORD.regional . Volume 19 ). 2018, ISSN  1863-9518 ( statistik-nord.de [PDF; 6.6 MB ; accessed on February 12, 2018]).
11. ↑ wahlen-hamburg.de
12. ↑ Expansion of the Hamburg-Billwerder transshipment station has been completed. Press release No. 246/2012. (No longer available online.) Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development , November 5, 2012, formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 19, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )