Wolinella

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Wolinella
Systematics
Department : Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria)
Class : Epsilonproteobacteria
Order : Campylobacterales
Family : Helicobacteraceae
Genre : Wolinella
Type : Wolinella
Scientific name of the  genus
Wolinella
Tanner et al., 1981
Scientific name of the  species
Wolinella succinogenes
( Wolin et al., 1961) Tanner et al., 1981

Wolinella succinogenes , a gram-negative bacterium that wasisolatedfrom the rumen of cattle, belongs to the class of epsilon proteobacteria , which also contains the important human pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni . While the chronic colonization with H. pylori can cause stomach ulcers and gastric cancer and C. jejuni is a very common causative agent of gastroenteritis , colonization by W. succinogenes does not appear tocauseany pathogenic symptoms in its host organism. W. succinogenes is therefore regarded as a completely harmless component of the normal bacterial flora of the rumen and is therefore also suitable as a model organism for investigating metabolic pathways within the nitrogen and sulfur cycle in the laboratory.

Genome research

Substantial new insights into the genome structure, the physiology and the gene regulation of this bacterium were derived from the genome sequence of W. succinogenes published in 2003 by Stephan C. Schuster and colleagues . The genome comprises 2110355 base pairs which code for a total of 2046 possible proteins. Among these are 23 protein-coding genes which have heme c binding motifs and can thus function as cytochromes after expression. In addition to 17 complete or partial IS elements , several genomic islands were found in the genome, which differ in their GC content from the rest of the genome and have probably only recently been integrated into the genome via lateral gene transfer .

Metabolic Versatility

W. succinogenes is able to use a large number of different inorganic substances for its energy production through respiration , including nitrate , nitrite (environmental toxin), fumaric acid , sulfite (acid rain) and laughing gas (greenhouse gas). With these enzyme complexes the possibility of biological removal of said substances can be investigated. In addition, W. succinogenes is not capable of fermentation and so cannot gain energy or ATP from other sources during respiration. This bacterium is therefore suitable for the isolated investigation of bioenergetics under respiration of one of the substances mentioned.

Production of multiheme cytochromes

For the production of proteins, Escherichia coli is often used in biotechnology , which can grow to high density in a culture, is relatively robust and can produce a large number of proteins heterologously in high quantities. In recent years, the class of proteins is Multihäm cytochrome c - enzymes developed for biotechnology, which in E. coli but only anaerobically or with additional plasmids can be produced. Even under these conditions, the formation of fully loaded with heme groups and thus functional enzyme cannot be guaranteed. In W. succinogenes , many metabolic reactions are catalyzed by multiheme cytochromes, which is why it has constant systems for heme synthesis and for incorporation into proteins. Enzymes with up to 10 heme groups can be produced with this organism for later characterization.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b N. J. Jacobs, MJ Wolin: Electron-transport system of Vibrio succinogenes. I. Enzymes and cytochromes of electron transport system . In: Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta . tape 69 , January 1, 1963, ISSN  0006-3002 , p. 18-28 , PMID 13964322 .
  2. ^ R. Blackmore, T. Brittain: Kinetic studies on the nitrite reductase of Wolinella succinogenes . In: The Biochemical Journal . tape 233 , no. 2 , January 15, 1986, ISSN  0264-6021 , p. 553-557 , PMID 3954753 , PMC 1153061 (free full text).
  3. ↑ Melanie Kern, Martin G. Klotz, Jörg Simon: The Wolinella succinogenes mcc gene cluster encodes an unconventional respiratory sulphite reduction system . In: Molecular Microbiology . tape 82 , no. 6 , December 1, 2011, ISSN  1365-2958 , p. 1515-1530 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2958.2011.07906.x .
  4. ↑ Monique Luckmann, Daniel Mania, Melanie Kern, Lars R. Bakken, Åsa Frostegård: Production and consumption of nitrous oxide in nitrate-ammonifying Wolinella succinogenes cells . In: Microbiology . tape 160 , no. 8 , January 1, 2014, p. 1749–1759 , doi : 10.1099 / mic.0.079293-0 .
  5. ↑ Engin Arslan, Henk Schulz, Rachel Zufferey, Peter Künzler, Linda Thöny-Meyer: Overproduction of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum c-Type Cytochrome Subunits of thecbb3Oxidase in Escherichia coli . In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . tape 251 , no. 3 , p. 744-747 , doi : 10.1006 / bbrc.1998.9549 .
  6. ↑ Melanie Kern, Jörg Simon: Chapter nineteen - Production of Recombinant Multiheme Cytochromes c in Wolinella succinogenes . In: Methods in Enzymology (=  Research on Nitrification and Related Processes, Part A ). tape 486 . Academic Press, January 1, 2011, pp. 429-446 , doi : 10.1016 / b978-0-12-381294-0.00019-5 .