Wormser Hof (Bad Wimpfen)
The Wormser Hof in Bad Wimpfen is a former residence and official residence of officials of the Worms diocese . The courtyard, which is located near the Palatinate Wimpfen and directly by the town church , was built like the Palatinate around the year 1200, was significantly expanded in the 16th century and, in its current form, is essentially based on renovations and baroque changes in the 18th century as well as other renovation measures at that time back around 1900.
history
The Wormser Hof in Wimpfen am Berg was built in the late 12th century at about the same time as the imperial palace there as a residential and administrative seat for officials of the diocese of Worms. Because of its ogival double windows, which go back to the style of the Worms Cathedral , which was completed in 1181, the core of the Worms is dated somewhat younger than the Palatinate, which does not yet have windows of this type and was started in the middle of the 12th century. The farm connects to the Palatinate in a short distance to the northwest. The diocese of Worms had large possessions in Wimpfen until the Staufer era, but had to cede them to the Staufer emperors, who then established their palatinate there. It is not known whether the diocese had an older residential and administrative seat, which was then relocated from its old location to its current location in connection with the building of the Palatinate, or whether it was first built with the construction of the Palatinate.
Due to its proximity to the Palatinate, its long-distance effect in the Neckar Valley and its sheer size, the Wormser Hof is also seen as a demonstration of power by the diocese of Worms. It is assumed that the complex was used as a bishop's palace; Bishop Richard von Daun has been documented for 1254 . Worms officials lived in the courtyard, as did the pastors of the Bad Wimpfen town church to the south-west opposite . The church was maintained by the tithe income from the Worms court and was also the court's chapel, as there is no evidence of such a chapel within the court. The pastors also took part in the administration of the court.
The core of the Wormser Hof is older than the walls surrounding the mountain town. The mountain town is still referred to as a villa (unfortified village) until 1232 , first indications of a walling exist from 1223, the mountain town was safely walled when the Dominican monastery was built after 1260. The core structure of the Wormser Hof was initially free as a two-story building, after When the city wall was built, around 1300 a battlement led through the building, which had since been extended by the early Gothic structure and raised by two storeys, the northern walls of which, similar to some buildings in the imperial palace, were also part of the defensive wall of the mountain town.
The property was significantly rebuilt and enlarged during the tenure of the clergyman, Bartholomäus Schick, from 1551, of which an inscription above one of the portals of the main building and a date from 1566 indicate. At that time the two-story west wing and parts of the east wing were built.
During the Thirty Years' War , King Gustav Adolf gave the Worms court to the city on February 2, 1632 after the capture of Wimpfen. In October 1634 the farm was returned to the diocese of Worms. Apart from repairs after the war, no major construction work is known to have taken place in the 17th century.
In the early 18th century the gatehouse was expanded and the subsequent construction of the east wing was erected, the timber was felled according to dendrochronological studies in 1707/08. A few years later, but still during the term of office of the bailiff Franz Olinger, the older buildings (three-part main building and Renaissance building) were completely gutted and extensively modernized in 1716/17. With new ceilings, they were given a different floor level, new interior walls and a uniform roof, for which the eaves sides were aligned with masonry. The window situation to the inner courtyard was also completely changed, in that the living rooms on the first floor received new rectangular windows with profiled, drilled ashlar frames and the other windows facing the courtyard were adjusted to a rectangular shape and presumably adjusted to the decorative frame with facade paintings. A summer bay window was installed on the north facade facing the Neckar. In addition to the fundamental change in the interior of the building, one focus of these building measures was obviously on upgrading the representational effect of the inner courtyard, while the long-distance effect towards the Neckar valley was no longer important.
The property was owned by the Diocese of Worms until 1802 and fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt or the later Grand Duchy of Hesse through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . Around this time, the east wing was expanded to its present volume and the gatehouse received its current design when Mathildenbadstrasse broke through to the market square.
In the 19th century there was a tobacco factory on the property. From 1902 to 1904 the courtyard was renovated according to plans by Adolf Zeller , although monument preservation aspects were already taken into account, but the existing structure of the main wing was changed considerably. Especially on the front of the building on the Neckar, the old window situation was completely changed with the exception of one Romanesque and three Gothic windows. Old windows were moved and new windows were drawn in in historicist forms. The balcony made of sandstone slabs was completely redesigned. Even if the previous façade situation was lost due to the renovation of 1902/04, it was still done in a high quality, also inside, and represents a significant step in the construction history of the complex. After 1904, the Grand Ducal Hessian Forestry Department was established in the building. A leather goods factory later moved into the building. During this period of use, some renovations took place, which primarily served to improve the business operations without taking the building fabric into account. Particular mention should be made of inconsiderate window break-ins for better illumination of the work rooms.
In 1979 the city of Bad Wimpfen acquired the property from the state of Hesse, which the leather factory continued to use. A first historical study was carried out during the part-commercial use of the facility by Markus Numberger in 2000/01. After the previous tenants had moved out, a structural historical preliminary study was carried out with a view to future use.
The Wormser Hof was extensively renovated in 2009/10. The tithe barn has been used by local associations for a long time, and public use as a community center or library is under discussion for the renovated main building.
description
The Wormser Hof is an irregular three-winged property that opens onto the town church. The entire complex consists of seven structures, united with the city wall to the north towards the steep Neckar valley. The U-shaped complex was once almost closed to the town church by an auxiliary building.
The main building is a three-part, three-storey building with a hipped roof, most of which is solid and plastered. The eastern part of the main building ("Romanesque building") dates from around 1200. It was once a four-story building, which was converted into a three-story building with greater storey heights as a result of the construction work of 1716/18. The two lower original floors were probably built as the core of the complex shortly before 1200, the two upper floors around 1200 to 1220. The middle section ("early Gothic building") of the main building dates from the third quarter of the 13th century and was built around the time to the city wall, the western part ("Kelterhaus") was finally added in the 15th century. The closed appearance of the main building facing the courtyard with profiled sandstone walls on the doors and windows on the ground floor and first floor as well as the small rectangular windows on the second floor are the product of the renovation measures of the 18th century. The fact that there are actually three buildings can be seen best on the north facade facing the Neckar, where an earlier corner ashlar marks the end of the Romanesque to the Early Gothic building and where a clear shoulder of the wall between the early Gothic building and the wine press house is visible. The window situation on the north facade is severely disturbed by several modifications and no longer corresponds to the original window arrangement. In the lower area of the Romanesque and early Gothic building there are round arched double windows, in the upper area ogive double windows. The wine press house has modern rectangular window openings.
The three-storey west wing ("Renaissance building") with a hipped roof was built around 1560. The southern and western outer walls are still in the construction period, the rest of the building was largely renewed during the renovations in the early 18th century. Next to the West Wing stands by a fire lane from the Hofkomplex separated, which belongs to Wormser Hof Zehntscheuer with hipped roof .
The two-storey east wing facing the market square also consists of three components with a hipped roof. Its northern part, attached to the main building, once formed the cellar exit and dates from the 15th century, the gatehouse in the core from the middle of the 16th century. The middle part of the east wing, which is open to the courtyard and has half-timbered and arched windows on the upper floor, as well as parts of the current shape of the gatehouse with arched gate walls date from the 18th century.
The complex is considered to be of documentary value for the Wimpfen building and rulership history and is protected as a cultural monument according to § 28 DSchG .
Individual evidence
See also
literature
- Georg Schäfer: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse: inventory and descriptive representation of the works of architecture, sculpture, painting and the arts and crafts up to the end of the 18th century. Century: Province of Starkenburg: Former district of Wimpfen , Darmstadt 1898, pp. 158–163.
- Adolf Zeller : On the oldest building history of the Wormser Hof in Wimpfen am Berg. In: Die Denkmalpflege 7, No. 4, 1905, pp. 25–27.
- Rudolf Kautzsch : The art monuments in Wimpfen am Neckar . 4th, corrected edition. Alt-Wimpfen, Wimpfen am Neckar 1925
- Fritz Arens , Reinhold Bührlen: Wimpfen - history and art monuments. Association Alt Wimpfen, Bad Wimpfen 1991
- Anja Krämer and Markus Numberger: The history of construction and use of the Wormser Hof in Bad Wimpfen . In: South West German Contributions to Historical Building Research , Volume 7/2007, pp. 101–121.
- Regional Council Stuttgart, Department of Monument Preservation (Ed.): Monument Preservation Value Plan for the entire Bad Wimpfen facility , Stuttgart 2008
- Bernd Wetzka: The Wormser Hof . In: Roter Turm No. 39 , May 2009
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 13 '51.92 " N , 9 ° 9' 43.98" E