Yuʿfiriden

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The Yuʿfirids , Arabic بنو يعفر, DMG Banū Yuʿfir , were a local Muslim dynasty that ruled the Yemeni highlands from 847 to 997 . They formally recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid caliphs ; Their centers were Sanaa and Janad .

With the decline of direct Abbasid rule in Yemen , the Yuʿfirids began from Shibam to expand their power in the Yemeni highlands. For the first time in the Islamic history of Yemen, a dynasty from the country itself seized power. However, their first attacks on Sanaa failed because the Abbasid governor received troop support from Iraq . The Yuʿfirids were able to successfully defend themselves against the counterattacks on their base Shibam. In 847 they conquered the areas between Sa'da and Taizz and in 872 raised Shibam to the capital of their principality. At the same time, the founder of the dynasty, Yuʿfir ibn ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Ḥiwālī al-Ḥimyārī, handed over the business of government to his son Muḥammad, who also received a certificate of confirmation from the Abbasid caliph . He took a tidal wave that poured over Sanaa as an opportunity to make a pilgrimage to Mecca and from this point to devote himself to religion. The affairs of state changed to his son Ibrāhīm, who, at the instigation of his grandfather, had his father and uncle murdered in order to be certain that they no longer had any claims to power.

At the beginning of the 10th century there were battles with the Zaidites , who in 901 were able to temporarily conquer Sanaa . At the same time, Ibn Hauschab and Ali ibn al-Fadl spread the doctrine of the Fatimids among the mountainous tribes and thus gained a large following. They were even able to conquer Sanaa in 905 and limit the kingdom of the Yuʿfirids to Shibam and Kaukaban. In 916 , however, the victory over the followers of the Fatimids and the reconquest of Sanaa succeeded. In 944 , the last important Yuʿfirid ruler Abū Ḥassān Asʿad ibn Ibrāhīm died; In the middle of the 10th century the empire finally began to fall apart and after 997 the dynasty was no longer of any significance.

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Often wrongly vocalized as Yaʿfurids
  2. ↑ G. Rex Smith, pp. 136-154 (137)
  3. ↑ G. Rex Smith, pp. 136-154 (138)

literature

  • G. Rex Smith: Political history of Islamic Yemen up to the first Turkish invasion in Werner Daum: Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5