Zurich (Schweinfurt)
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Zurich
District of Schweinfurt
Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ 42 ″ N , 10 ° 14 ′ 13 ″ E
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| Height : | 220 m |
| Area : | 5.1 ha |
| Postal code : | 97421 |
| Area code : | 09721 |
 City wall with powder towers on the lower wall and St. Salvator (in front of the castle chapel),
behind it the main valley with the port area |
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The Zürch (place name: im Zürch ) is a district in the independent city of Schweinfurt and part of the old town . The name Zürch first appears in the annals in 1377. The structurally and historically independent old town quarter, with a largely preserved townscape, is a former castle district. It is either the oldest or, after the Fischerrain, the second oldest medieval quarter of today's old town, which has not yet been clarified. There were pre-Christian finds of first settlements in both quarters. The more than 300 year old Zurich parish fair is one of the oldest parish fairs in Lower Franconia.
location
The historic Schweinfurt consisted of four quarters, which were formed by a street cross on the market square. This classic medieval structure has been preserved to this day. The Zürch comprises the southeastern quarter and lies above the Main and Marienbach , which form a right angle here.
The Zürch was (once) bordered at its four corner points, by the market in the west, the Mühltor in the north, the Reichsburg in the east and the Brückentor in the south. Rückertstraße (formerly: Mühlgasse ) runs between Markt and Mühltor and Brückenstraße (formerly: Brückengasse ) between Markt and Brückentor . Between the Mühltor and the former Reichsburg, the still preserved or renovated city wall and the lower wall immediately behind it run parallel to the Marienbach (see picture above). A kennel ran parallel to the Main between the Reichsburg with its preserved castle wall, which is identical to the city wall (see picture below) and the bridge gate .
The street in the eastern area still bears the name Zwinger , while the western part has been completely rebuilt as a section of the city ring (Paul-Rummert-Ring).
etymology
It has previously been assumed that the name goes back to the Middle High German word zirk , zirch , zürch , zurch , which means something like feces or animal droppings. That would be conceivable because the flood-free area on a hill above the Main and Marienbach could have been suitable as pasture for cattle. Zürch is also the old name of the Swiss city of Zurich , whose origins were also on a hill on the Limmat , the Lindenhof , but the city name is derived completely differently today . Otherwise there is no longer a place with this name.
More recently there has been a simpler explanation for the Schweinfurt name: Zürch can simply be traced back to zirc or zirk , which means something like district and its designation as the castle district around the old Reichsburg:
- “ In this case, the Zurich gives a reference to the castle (be) district, the location of the former imperial castle in this district, which Count Berthold IV von Henneberg built around 1310 and which was destroyed again in 1427. At the same time, the special legal status of the castle area within the city area is manifested. Even after the castle had been removed and the visible building remains above ground had been removed, this area was still a special area / a special rights zone on which rights and duties rested for a long time, as is customary with castle mansions (castle estates). "(Michael Unrath from Nassach)
This explanation is supported by the fact that the name Zürch first appeared in the Annalen (1377) during the relatively short period of the imperial castle.
history
Former Reichsburg
The Reichsburg , built by the Hennebergers , was located in the southeast corner of the city wall from 1310 to 1427 . There the Henneberg counts, as pawnmen appointed by the emperor, exercised his rights in the imperial city . At times the castle was actually not a real imperial castle, as the Hennebergers were not only imperial bailiffs , but - due to a pledge by the king - even lords of the Schweinfurters. This time ended with the repayment of the seizure sum by the Schweinfurters to the Hennebergers or the Bishop of Würzburg, who had acquired half of the pledge that had been inherited from the heirs. The large castle with several buildings and courtyards encompassed the entire south-eastern quarter in the street cross of Zurich, as indicated by the names Burggasse and Rittergasse . The castle was demolished in 1427 and the stones were used to build the Schweinfurt town hall .
District
The Zürch is first mentioned in a document in 1538. The Zürch used to be not just a district, but an independent municipality with a mayor, council and policeman (see also: Etymology ). With its independent history, the Zürch is similar to the Fischerrain .
There were once two breweries in Zurich. The Wall Bräu, founded in 1807 and closed in the 1990s between Burggasse and Unterem Wall, was a large complex in historical times and later only a small brewery. The Herzog Brewery, founded in 1886 and closed in 1921, was located on the Zwinger (see also: List of former breweries in Bavaria, Schweinfurt ).
Monument protection and renovation
The Zürch is registered as a building ensemble in the Bavarian list of monuments. In the redevelopment area Altstadt 2: Zürch (5.1 ha), extensive restoration measures were carried out in the 1980s. The city wall on the eastern edge of the quarter was then renovated and the ramparts redesigned.
description
More than other quarters, the Zürch bears witness to the medieval and imperial city past of Schweinfurt, has the most independent character and is therefore called the village within the city . The Zürch is a quarter in the literal sense, as it is delimited by the crossroads of the medieval founding city , as a square with a side length of 200 meters and thus 4 hectares. The paved, mostly narrow streets are characteristic of the quarter. Linsengasse is only 2.50 m wide at its narrowest point. Today the quarter consists of seven streets:
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Culture and sights
Attractions
The church for the old town quarter is St. Salvator , a simple baroque church . It was built in place of the castle chapel (around 1315), with a Gothic extension (1412). The choir comes from the former Liebfrauenkirche at the same place. The Reformation in the city began with a sermon in this church in 1532. St. Salvator was later partially destroyed and fell apart. On the 200th anniversary of the Reformation in 1717, the city began a comprehensive, two-year renovation. The church was destroyed down to the outer walls during the Second World War and was rebuilt true to the original by 1953. The church is the only significant baroque building in the old town, which was shaped by the Renaissance .
The Ebracher Hof is located in Rittergasse . It was acquired in 1431 by the Cistercian monastery in Ebrach in the Steigerwald as the official seat and courtyard, burned down to the outer walls in the Second Margrave War in 1554 and was only rebuilt in 1578 because of the resistance of the (Protestant) city council. After construction work in 1698, the historic courtyard has remained unchanged to this day. The southern area of the Ebracher Hof, in the direction of the Main, was expanded for the new city library in 2004–2007 and received architecture prizes.
In addition, there are extensive historical buildings in Zurich in the form of residential and small craft buildings. On the eastern edge of the quarter, Am Unteren Wall , the restored city wall is completely preserved, with two defensive towers, the so-called powder towers .
Rückertstrasse / corner of Linsengasse
Burggasse
St. Salvator Church ,
baroque portal
Rittergasse in front of the Zurich parish fair
Ebracher Hof ,
Rittergasse gate
On the lower wall
Ring systems
at the lower Marienbach
Civic association
To maintain tradition and customs, the Zürch community association was founded by twelve regulars' table brothers on New Year's Day in 1900 with a morning pint at the Herzogs-Bräu inn . Karl Erhardt was the 1st "Mayor" of Zurich. This is a popular name in Schweinfurt for the chairperson of the traditional district civic associations , which has no longer been allowed to use the Zurich civic association since 1996.
Parish fair
The high festival of the year is the Zurich Kirchweih ( St. Salvator ) at the end of June or beginning of July, which is organized by the citizens' association.
Infrastructure
The Zürch is a traffic-calmed zone. In the neighborhood there is a Protestant church, the city library and a small hotel with a restaurant in the Ebracher Hof, a kindergarten, small boutiques and two bars. There are shops, other bars and a cinema center with five halls on the edge of Zurich in Brückenstrasse and Rückertstrasse.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b swity.de/Vorbild Schweinfurt: Old town renovation against housing shortages. Retrieved July 8, 2020 .
- ^ A b Peter Hofmann: schweinfurtfuehrer / Zürch. Retrieved December 13, 2018 .
- ↑ BayernAtlas: Historical map, cadastral plan sheet Schweinfurt (between 1833 and 1852), plan section Zurich. Retrieved November 26, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d mainpost.de: Living in Zurich: Where town and village are just a few steps apart, March 28, 2020. Accessed April 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. Retrieved June 14, 2018 .
- ^ Peter Hofmann: schweinfurtfuehrer.de
- ↑ List of architectural monuments in Schweinfurt, Ensemble Am Unteren Wall / Burggasse (including other alleys in Zurich): file number E-6-62-000-1
- ↑ a b Tourist Information Schweinfurt 360 °: Schweinfurt city map. Sights and tour . September 2009