Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque

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Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque with Mederese in the foreground
View of the interior
Inner courtyard with a fountain

The Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque ( Turkish Zal Mahmut Paşa Camii ) is a mosque in Istanbul . It was built in the second half of the 16th century by the court architect Sinan for the Ottoman princess Şah Sultan and her husband Zal Mahmud Pascha .

location

The mosque is located in the Nişanca district of Istanbul's Eyüpsultan district on the western bank of the Golden Horn .

history

Sultan . Selim II daughter Shah Sultan married in 1562 the Janissaries -Anführer Çakırcıbaşı Hasan , who after the wedding only Sandzak - bey of Bosnia, 1564 Beylerbey of Anatolia and finally in 1570 by Rumelia was. But Hasan died in 1574 only shortly after being appointed vizier . In the same year the princess married the Bosnian-born vizier Zal Mahmud Pasha. His nickname was that of the Persian legendary figure Zāl after he had strangled Prince Mustafa, half-brother and rival of Selim in the battle for the throne in 1553. The marriage was short-lived, however. The vizier died on October 22, 1577, his wife only 13 days later.

Both had decreed in a deed of foundation that a third of their assets should be used to build a mosque with a madrasah . Şah Sultan's brother Murad III. and the two sisters waived their remaining share and also contributed this fortune to the foundation. Şah Sultan had appointed her mother Nurbanu as executor. The sultan's mother was to supervise the construction. She also had the Ottoman finance minister Hüseyin Ağa b. Abdülmuîn made the foundation administrator. 5.875 million Asper were available for the construction of the mosque complex , the construction of which probably began in 1577. Through clever investments, the assets grew to over 6 million Asper in one year. In order to increase the money of the foundation, Hüseyin Ağa bought a caravanserai and mills in Plovdiv for 1.25 million Asper , which were supposed to provide a regular income.

It is not clear who designed the mosque. Quite a few attribute the unusual building to Sinan , but an assistant could also have been responsible for the plans.

When Hüseyin Ağa was sent to the Ottoman-Safavid War in 1578 , the couple's former administrator, Mustafa Kethüda b. Abdurrahman, the chairman of the foundation. He completed the mosque with two madrasas, guest rooms, shops and a candle factory. The construction costs amounted to 7.82 million Asper. In 1586/87 the two individual foundations were transferred to a joint foundation. Construction was completed in the late 1580s. The exact beginning and end of the construction work are not known, but it is assumed that construction work began in the 1570s and the mosque was completed around 1589/90.

A Türbe was built around 1800 . The mosque was damaged in an earthquake in 1894. The minaret was rebuilt in a modified form. From 1955 to 1963 the mosque was restored. Renewed restoration work took place in 2012/13.

architecture

The mosque complex has an unusual shape for the time and is nestled in a slope to the west. The complex is surrounded by a wall. The madrasah of Şah Sultan is U-shaped and is located slightly higher in the north. In the inner courtyard there is a large fountain for ritual ablutions ( Şadırvan ). This is followed in the south by the actual mosque with a coupled five-bay portico . To the east of the madrasah of Şah Sultan, the lower madrasah of Zal Mahmud Pasha joins in an L-shape. The octagonal mausoleum with a domed roof is located in a small garden in the southwest of the mosque. While the Türbe is made of light stone, the masonry of all other buildings in the complex consists of strips of light-colored ashlar and red bricks. This band is reminiscent of Byzantine churches.

A portico is located in front of the inner courtyard of the rectangular mosque. You enter the mosque via the north entrance and get into the central prayer hall. On the first floor there is a U-shaped gallery supported by five arches on four marble columns between two massive round pillars. The 12.4 meter wide and 21.8 meter high pendentive dome is supported by four arches that sit on the round pillars. The qibla wall with the mihrab in the center is illuminated by three rows of windows, over which there is a round window. All windows of the mosque are provided with honeycomb-shaped grilles, the window glass of which is clear and thus brightly illuminates the interior of the mosque. Under the lunette windows on the first floor of the qibla wall, tiles from İznik are attached, on which Koran verses from the suras al-Falaq and an-Nās are written. The scriptures below the dome recite verses from Surat Fatir . Eight round tablets on the pendentives as well as the qibla and the wall opposite quote names. The mosque has an almost round minaret on a square base with a pointed helmet and gallery on the northwest corner.

literature

  • Metin Sözen: Sinan: Architect of the Ages . Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul 1988, pp. 306–311
  • Bugüne Dünden: Istanbul Ansiklopedisi . Tarih Vakfi, Istanbul 1993, pp. 542-543

Web links

Commons : Zal ​​Mahmud Pasha Mosque  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, ISBN 1-86189-244-6 , pp. 368-376, here pp. 368 f.
  2. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 370 f.
  3. ^ A b Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 371
  4. ^ A b Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 372
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Picture dictionary on the topography of Istanbul: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 978-3803010223 , p. 491
  6. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 374
  7. ↑ Restoring the executioner's mosque , Hürriyet Daily News, April 21, 2012, accessed May 24, 2019
  8. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 373 f.
  9. ^ Gülru Necipoğlu: The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire . Reaction Books, London 2005, p. 374 f.

Coordinates: 41 ° 2 ′ 41.2 ″  N , 28 ° 56 ′ 9 ″  E